512 



U. S. p. E. E. EXP. AND SUEVEYS — ZOOLOGY — GENEEAL REPOET. 



XL, 1855, 356,) witli Pyrgisoma kieneri, of Conspectus^ 186, as type {Pyrgisoma is based upon 

 Arremon hiarcnatns, of Lafresnaye, figured in Voyage de la Venus, tab. vi, and erroneously 

 assigned to California.) The other species given as belonging to the genus are Pipilo rujipihus, 

 (chlorurus) torquatus, rufescenis , fuscus , and aherti. It is probable that the P. chlorurus would 

 be our North American type of Kieneria. I am not prepared to suggest a name for section B. 



Gray gives Ildozone (not Meloxene) of Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat. pi. Ixxix, 1850, as ante- 

 dating Pyrgisoma of Pucheran, 1851. The name, however, is given in Conspectus Avium, 20 

 Julv, 1850, although according to the title page, pi. 79 of Reichenbach was j)ublislied June 

 1, 1850. 



Comparative measitremenfs of species. 



No. 



2135 



An. 

 8194 



do. 

 819.3 



do. 

 1944 

 5736 



do. 

 4845 



do. 

 2867 

 39J0 

 10284 

 6717 

 5559 

 3710 

 6830 

 6245 



Species. 



Pipilo erytlirophthalmu? 

 , do 



.do., 

 .do.. 



.do.. 



do 



Pipilo arclicus . 



.do.. 



.do., 

 .do., 



■ do.. 



Pipilo oregonu3... 

 Pipilo megalonyx . 

 do 



.do.. 



Pipilo fuscus 



do 



Pipilo iiiesoleucus . 

 Pipilo chlorurus . . , 

 do 



Locality. 



Carlisle, Pa 



do 



Fori Leavenworth, K.T. 

 do 



.do., 

 .do.. 



Fort Union 



Hepublican Fork. 

 do 



Bon Homme island. 

 do 



Colorado river 



California 



Fort Tejon 



Kurt Thorn 



Petaluma, C^\ 



Monterey 



Los Nogales, IVIcx.. 

 Tijon valley, Cal.. 

 Uocky mountains .. 



s 



9 

 S 

 S 

 S 



9 

 ,.„., 



7.70 

 8. 75 

 6 84 

 7.25 

 7.50 

 8.25 

 7.50 

 8.00 

 8.25 

 7.20 

 7.75 

 8.00 

 7.52 

 7.62 

 8.00 

 8.90 

 7.84 

 8.60 

 6.72 

 6.80 





11.50 



10.00 



3. .'4 

 3. 7.'-. 

 3.08 

 3 37 

 3.45 

 3.56 

 3.39 

 3.36 



3.08 

 3.25 

 3.32 

 3.24 

 3.39 

 3.46 

 3 86 

 3.42 

 3.77 

 3.00 

 3.05 



4.30 



3.99 

 4.44 



3.86 



4.04 

 4.14 

 4.24 

 4.46 

 4.90 

 4.38 

 4 58 

 3,70 

 3.3U 



1.08 

 1.07 



1.00 



1.05 

 1.06 



1.10 

 1.08 

 1.08 

 1.08 

 1.10 

 1.12 

 1.01 

 0,90 

 0.96 



1.02 



1.08 

 1.06 



1.02 

 1.06 

 1.10 

 1.12 

 1.12 

 1.09 

 1.00 

 0.90 

 0.92 



0.30 

 0.30 



0.30 



0.31 

 0.31 



0.30 



0.27 

 0.36 

 0.38 

 0.30 

 0.30 

 0.32 

 0..'J0 

 0.28 

 0.28 



0.72 



0.74 

 0.74 



0.74 



0.74 

 80 

 90 

 0.86 

 0.79 

 0.80 

 0.70 

 0.66 

 0.66 



0.40 



0.35 



0.39 

 0.41 



0.38 



0.37 

 50 

 0.53 

 0.40 

 0.40 

 0.44 

 0.33 

 0.37 

 0.36 



0.54 



0.55 

 0.55 



0..'>6 

 0.60 

 0.5S 

 0.54 

 0.62 

 56 

 0.64 

 0.44 

 0.47 



0.69 



0.66 

 0.66 



0.70 

 0.68 

 0.68 

 0.69 

 67 

 0.63 

 0.86 

 0.48 

 0.54 



Specimen 

 nieniiurcd. 



Skin... 

 Fresh . 

 Skin. .. 

 Fresh . 

 Skin... 

 Fresh . 

 Skin. .. 

 Skin... 

 Fresh . 

 Skin. ., 

 Fresh . 

 Skin.., 

 Skin.., 

 Skill... 

 Skin. ., 

 Skin.., 

 Skin. .. 

 Skin... 

 Skin.., 

 Skin... 



PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS, Vieillot. 



Ground Robin ; ToAvhec ; Chewink. 



Fringilla erythrophthalma, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 176G, .318.— Aud. Or.i. Biog. I, 1832, 1.'">1 : V, 511 ; pi. 29. 



Emberiza erylliroplilhalma, Gm. SysL Nat. I, 1788, 874.— Wilson, Am. Dm. VI, 1812, 'JO ; |>1. liii. 



Pipillo erylkrophlhalmus, Vieill. Gal. Ois. I, 1824, 109 ; pi. IxxK. 



Pipilo erythropluhulmm, Bon. List, 1838— Ib. Conspectus, 1850, 487.— Add. Syn. 1839, 124.— Ib. Birds Anicr. Ill, 



1841, 167; pi. 19.5. 

 Pipilo aler, Vieill. Nout. Diet. XXXIV, 1819, 292. 

 Towhee Bird, Catesdt, Car. I, 34. -Towhte Bunting, Latham, Syn II, i, 1783, 199.— Pennant, IT, 1785, 359. 



gp. Cii. Uppnr parts generally, head and neck all round, and upper part of the breast, glossy black, abruptly defined against 



the pure wliitc which extends to the anus, but is bounded on the sides and under the wings by :igbt chestnut. Under coverts 

 similar to sides, but paler. Edges of outer six primaries with white at the base and on the middle of the outer web ; inner 

 two tcrtiaries also edged externally with white. Tail feathers black ; outer web of the first, with the ends of the first to the 

 third while, decreasing from the exterior one. Iris red. Length, 8.75 ; wing, 3.75 ; tail, 4. 10. 



Female with the black replaced by brown. 



//aft.— Eastern United States to the Missouri river. 



In this species the cutting edge of the mandible is slightly concave, and not sinuated. Tlie 

 wing is short and rounded ; the fourth quill longest ; the first about fqual to the secondaries. 



