BIRDS — 8C0L0PACIDAE — TRINGA ALPINA. 719 



Scboeilicliis, JI o c h r i n g .' 

 TRINGA ALPINA, var. AMERICANA, Cass. 



Red-backed Sandiiipcr. 



Tringa ttlpina, Lixx. Sysl. Nat. I, 17CG, 249.— Wilson Am. Orn. VII, 1813, 25; pi. Ivi.— Sw. F. B. Am. II. 1831, 

 383.— NuTT. Miin. II, IOC— Acd. Orn. Bio;;. Ill, 1835, 580; pi. 290.— Id. Syii. 234.— Ib. Birds 

 Amor. V, 1842, 266 ; pi. 332. 



Tringa cinclus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1, 1766, 251.— AVii.s. Am. Orn. VII, 1813, 39 ; pi. Ivii. 



PfliJna cinclus, " Cnv." Bon. List. 1838. 



Tringa ruj'icollis, Gm. I, 1788, 680. 



riirig-ii variabilis, Meyer, Tascli. Dcuiecli. Vtigel, II, 1810, 397. 



? Tringa schinzii, Breiim, Leiirb. Europ. Vogcl, II, 1824, 571. (Not of American writers.) 



Pelidna schinzii, Brehm, Nat. Vog. Doutsclil. 1831, 663. 



FiciREs.— Buff. PI. Eiil. 852— Gould B. of Eur. IV, pi. 329.— Naumann, B. of Germ. pl. 186.— Wilson, Am. Orn. VII, pi. 

 57, fi?. 3 ; pl. 56, Rg. 2.— Aud. B. of Am. pl. 290, oct. ed. V, pl. 332. 



Sr. Cu. — Bill longer than tUe head, wide at base, curved, slightly c-idened and flattened towards the end ; nasal groove and 

 another groove in the under mandible long and very distinct ; wings long ; tail short, with the two middle feathers longest and 

 pointed ; legs rather long and slender, lower half of the tibia naked ; toes moderate, free at base, flattened underneath and 

 slightly marginatcd ; claws much compressed, hind toe small. Upper parts yellowish red, mi-ted with ashy, and every feather 

 having a lanceolate, ovate or narrow spot in the centre, most numerous on the back and rump. Front, sides of the head, and 

 enti/e under parts, ashy white, nearly pure white on the abdomen and under tail coverts ; a wide transverse band of black 

 across the lower part of the breast ; neck before and upper part of llie breast with narrow longitudinal spots of brownish 

 black. Under wing coverts and axillary feathers white ; quilLs light ashy brown, darker on their outer edges, with their shafts 

 white ; tail feathers light ashy brown ; middle feathers darker, outer nearly wliite. Bill and legs brownish black. 

 Sexes alike. 



fVinter plumage. — Entire upper parts dark ashy, nearly black on the rump, and upper tail coverts; throat, abdomen, axillaries 

 and under wing coverts, white ; breast pale ashy, with longitudinal lines of dark brown. 



Total length, 8 to 83 inches ; wing, 5 ; tail, 2j ; bill from gape, 1| ; tarsus, 1 inch. 



Ilab. — Entire temperate regions of Korlh America. 



In its summer plumage this is the most handsome bird of the family of sandpipers, and is 

 easily recognized by its wide black band across the under jiarts of the body. It is exceedingly 

 abundant on the shores of the Atlantic. 



We have not a sufficient number of European specimens of the true T. alpina of that con- 

 tinent for satisfactory comparison, especially as ornithologists mention differences in size at the 

 same localities ; but of eight specimens from Europe and Asia, now before us, not one ought to 

 be considered as specifically the same as the American bird. The size is invariably smaller and 

 the bill disproportionately shorter. In fact, we have little doubt that the bird inhabiting both 

 the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the republic is quite distinct and may be easily recognized, 



' Schoenichis, Msehring, Gen, Av. 1752. Typo Tringa citiclus, L. Equal to Pelidna, Cuv. 



