738 



U. S. p. R R. EXP. AND SURVEYS — ZOOLOGY — GENERAL REPORT. 



Figures.— Nacmann, B. of Germany, pi. 196.— Gould, B. of Ear. IV, pi. 313.— Wilsok, Am. Orn. VII, pi. 59, fig. 2.— 

 AuD. B. of Am. pi. 303 ; oct. ed. V, pi. 337. 



Sp. Ch. — Bill about as long as the liead, rather wide and flattened at base, curved at the tip ; nostril with a large membrane ; 

 nasal groove long ; wing long ; tail long for this group ; legs moderate or rather long ; lower half of the tibia naked ; toes 

 moderate, the outer and middle toe united by a membrane, inner and middle free to the base, hind toe small. General color of 

 the upper parts brownish black, with a greenish lustre, and with the feathers edged with ashy white and yellowish, the Utter 

 especially on the wing coverts ; lower part of the back, rump, and upper tail coverts, brownish black ; lateral coverts of the 

 tail yellowish white, with arrow-heads and irregular spots of black. Wide stripe over the eye and entire under parts very pale 

 3'ellowish white, nearly pure white on the abdomen ; neck before with numerous longitudinal lines of brownish black ; breast 

 and sides with waved and pointed transverse narrow bands of the same ; a.fillary feathers and under wing coverts pnre white, 

 with numerous nearly regular transverse narrow bands of black. Quills brownish black, with numerous transverse bands of 

 wliite on their inner webs, very conspicuous on the under surfice of the wing ; shaft of first primary white. Middle feathers 

 of the tail same greenish brown as the back, with irregular and imperfect transverse bands of black ; outer feathers pale reddish 

 yellow, edged and tipped with white, and with several irregular transverse bands and a large sub-terminal arrow-head of black. 

 Bill greenish yellow, with the under mandible more clear yellow towards its base, tip brownish black ; legs light yellow ; toes 

 darker. Total length, about 12 inches ; wing, 65 ; tail, 31 ; bill, 



Hab. — Eastern North America, South America, Europe. 



Everywhere in the interior of the States on the Atlantic this is the most ahimdant and best 

 known species of this group. Unlike nearly all others, this bird prefers plains and cultivated 

 fields, and is one of the species which has not decreased in numbers on account of the extension 

 of cultivation and the settlement of the country. On the contrary it appears to be quite at 

 home in the farm lands, and rears its young in the fields of grass and grain in the most populous 

 rural districts of the country. It is^ in a considerable measure, a favorite with the people and 

 seldom molested. 



This species is extensively diffused, and though at liome in the northern division of this 

 continent, wanders over nearly the whole of South America. It is well described by Azara as 

 a bird of Paraguay. We have never seen this bird from west of the Kocky mountains. 



The generic natoe Bartramia, Lesson, Traite d'Orn. I, p. 553, (1831,) is that having priority 

 of all others proposed for this species, and is a just compliment to one of the most liberal and 

 accomplished of the earlier American naturalists. This name is, however, previously used in 

 botany, and probably ought not to be again employed in zoology, though we confess to being 

 strongly inclined to adopt it, notwithstanding, following in that respect the example of Mr. 

 Gray, of the British Museum, in his Catalogue of the Genera and Sub-genera of Birds, p. 117, 



(1855.) 



List of specimens. 



Locality. 



OarliBle, Pa. 

 do 



Indian Key, Fla 



BImwncc Mianion, K. T. 



Republican river. 



Loup Fork 



Fort Pierre 



Fort Union, Ncli. 

 Mcdiclni: Hill.... 



Loup Fork 



do 



Finite river 



.do.. 



Elk creek, Med. Bow nitii. 



When col- 

 lected. 



May 20, 1843 

 July 15, 18-13 



July 4, 1857 



Juno 15, 1857 



April 96, 1855 

 July — , 1855 



July 7 



July 91 



July 7 



....do 



Aug. 4, 1857 



Whence obtained. 



S. P. Baird . 

 do 



G. ■\Vurdrmann ., 

 Wut. M. IMagraw 



Lieut. Brynn... 

 Lieut. Warren.. 

 Col. Vau^'liau.. 

 do 



Lieut. Warren. 



do 



do 



.do.. 



, do 



Lieut, llrynn. 



Orig. 



No. 



Oollccted by- 



Dr. Cooper 



W. fJ. W.HMl. 



Dr. Hnydeii.. 



do 



il 



In 



do 



do 



do 



W. a. Wood. 



Length 



11.00 

 19.00 



19.00 

 19.75 

 19. no 

 19.95 

 19.50 



Stretch 

 of wings. 



91.25 

 91. .50 



29.011 



99.00 

 93.75 

 93 00 

 99.50 

 99.00 



Wing. 



6.56 

 6.40 



7.00 



6.90 

 6.95 

 6.50 

 6.25 



Rcnmrks. 



Iris brown, iiill lil*k .^ 

 yellow, teet green. 



Iriit dark brown. 

 do 



