800 U. S. P R. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS — ZOOLOGY — GENERAL REPORT. 



HA.RELDA, Leach. 



" Harelila, Leach, 1816," Gray. Typo .Inas glacialis, L. 

 Clangula, Fleming, Philos. Zool. 1822. Same type. 

 Pagonetta, Kaup, Europ. Tliicrw. 1829. 



Ch. — Bill shorter than the head and tarsus, tapering laterally to the end ; the nail very hroad, occupying tlie entire tip. 

 Lateral profile of lower edge of upper mandible straight to near the end, then rising suddenly to tlie prominent deeurved nail. 

 Nostrils large, in the posterior half of the bill, their centre about opposite the middle of the commissure, Tertials long, 

 lanceolate, and straight. Tail pointed, of 14 feathers, the central feathers very long, equal to tlie wings. Bill with almost no 

 posterior lateral upper angle ; the feathers of the sides advancing obliquely forwards. Feathers of chin reaching beyond the 

 middle of the commissure, or almost to the anterior extremity of nostrils. Tail of 14 feathers. 



The genus Harelda, of Leach, is stated by Gray to have been established in 1816, probably 

 in the "Catalogue of British Museum." If not published until 1824, in Shaw's General 

 Zoology, the name will be anticipated by Clangula of Fleming, 1822. 



The characters of the single species are as follows : 



Summer. — Blackish ; the belly and sides whitish. Scapulars and lower part of back with 

 rufous edgings. A grayish patch on the side of head, passing behind into whitish. No white 

 spots, nor speculum. Inside of wing, and axillars, dark brown. 



Winter. — Similar, but with the head, neck, and scapulars, whitish H. glacialis. 



HAKELDA GLACIALIS, Leach. 



South Southerly; Old Wife; Long-tail. 



.3nas glacialis, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 17CG, 203.— Forster, Phil. Trans. LXII, 1772, 418.— Gmelin, I, 1788, 529.— 



Wilson, Am. Orn. VIII, 1814, 93, 96 ; pi. Ixx.— Sabine, Linn. Trans. VII, 555. 

 Harelda glacialis, " Leach.'"— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool. XII, 1824, 175.— Sw. F. B. Am. II, 1831, 4G0.— Bon. 



List, 1838.— Etton, Mon. 1838, 162.— Brandt, Mem. Ac. St. Pet. VI, 1849, 8. 

 .inas (FuUgula) glacialis, Bon. Obs. Wils. 1825, 275. 

 Futigula (Clangula) gladalis, Bon. Syn. 1828, 395. 

 Fuligula ( Harelda) glacialis, Ndtt. Man. II, 1834, 453. 

 Fuligula glacialis, Aud. Orn. Biog. IV, 1838, 403 ; pi. 312.— Is. Syn. 1839, 295.— Ib. Birds Amer. vf, 1843, 379 ; 



pi. 410. 

 Crymonessa glacialis, Macgil. Man. II, 186. 



Anas hyemalis, Linn. I, 1766, 202.— Forst. Phil. Tr. LXII, 1772, 418.— Gmelin, I, 529. 

 •4nas mic/onia, Boddaert. (Gray.) 

 ^nas leucocephahts, Bechst. (Gray.) 

 Anas brachyrhynchus, Eeseke. (Gray.) 

 Long-tailed Duck, Pennant. 

 Sp. Ch. — l\Iale in summer . Bill black, orange yellow towards the tip. Head, neck and breast, very dark blackish lirown ; 

 the head above, back, rump, and middle tail feathers, black. The whole side of the head from the bill and to behind the eyes 

 and the sides of the body, pale bluish gray ; the portion of the chock patch iininediately around and behind the eye, with a 

 longitudinal streak each side the occiput ; the under parts generally, and the more external tail feathers, white. Feathers 

 on the fore part of the back, with the scapulars, broadly edged with light reddish brown ; under wing coverts aud axillars, 

 brownish chocolate. No white whatever on the wing. 



Male in winter. Differs from summer dress in having the head and nock white to the jugulum and interscapular region. Tho 

 gray of the cheeks persistent, and a hroad patch of black on tho sides of tho nock behind this. The scapulars arc pale pearl 

 gray. 



Female. Lacks the long points to tlio tail and scapulars. Tho head and neck dusky, with a whitish patch around tlio eye 

 and on the sides of tho nock behind. 



Length, 20.75; wing, 8.90 ; tail, 8.00 ; tarsus, 1.38 ; commissure, 1.62. 

 Hal). — Along both coasts of North America. Europe. 



