WARBLERS 



149 



The Pine Warbler is a well-named bird, be- 

 cause its nesting sites are always in pine trees. 

 In migration the bird may be fduntl in Warbler 

 flocks in any kind of tree growth, but looking 

 verv ])lain and drab for the bright company in 

 which it finds itself. Wherever there are pines in 

 the States east of the plains and in southern 

 Canada, there the Pine Warblers may be found 

 nesting in the spring. They are common in the 

 jiine barrens all the way from Florida to Xew 

 Jersey and Illinois. North of that they are rare 

 and local. In the winter they retreat to the 

 southern part of the breeding range and enter 

 the strag,gling winter flocks. 



Dr. Elliott Cones savs that in the winter in 

 Florida "the bird is of a sociable if not gre- 

 garious nature, usually .going in straggling com- 

 panies of its own kind, and often mixing with 

 Titmice, Kinglets, and Nuthatches, the whole 

 throng gailv and amicably flitting through the 

 shadv woods, scrambling incessantly on and all 

 around the branches of the trees in eager, rest- 

 less quest of their minute insect food." 



In the winter he begins to sing his monotonous 



sweet trill and is very persistent at his single 

 tune until the breeding season is over. Then 

 he becomes again the creeper over pitch and red 

 pines that gave bini the earlier name of Pine 

 Creeper. 



CSV nf Nat. 

 YOUNG PINE WARBLER 



PALM WARBLER 

 Dendroica palmarum palmarum ( Ciiiclin) 



A (1. \\ .\unil)er d;-' See Color I'latc 93 



- Yellow Red-poll : >'eno\v Red-poi: 

 Warbler; Tip-up Warbler: Yellow 



Other Names.- 



Warbler : Wa.gtai: 

 Tip-up. 



General Description. — Length. 5 inches. Upper 

 parts, grayish-olive; under parts, yellow and whitish: 

 crown and streaks on under parts, chestnut. Bill, 

 shorter than head, slender, tapering gradually to the 

 tip ; wings, long and pointed ; tail, notched. 



Color. — Adults (sexes alike) in Spring .-vni) Sum- 

 mer; Forehead and erozvii. uniform brhiht chestnut. 

 the former sometimes blackish in front where divided 

 by a short and narrow center line of whitish or pale 

 yellowish ; rest of upper parts, grayish-olive narrowly 

 and indistinctly streaked with darker, especially on back 

 and shoulders ; lower rump and upper tail-coverts, light 

 yellowish-olive or olive-greenish, the larger coverts 

 more brownish, with indistinct streaks of darker; wings 

 and tail, dusky with light grayish-brown edgings, these 

 most distinct on the end portion of middle and greater 

 wing-coverts; inner web of two outermost tail-feathers 

 with a large spot of white, the third sometimes with 

 a small spot of the same; over eye, a narrow stripe of 

 pale yellow: a triangular spot of dusky in front of eye. 

 and a similar but smaller spot behind the eye; sides of 

 head, grayish-brown, sometimes finely streaked in front 

 with dull brownish-white; an indistinct space below eye 

 of dull brownish-white; cheeks, dull whitish, some- 

 times tinged with yellow; chin, throat, chest, and under 



tail-coverts, canary-yellow, the intervenin.g under parts 

 (breast and abdomen), dull whitish, usually tinged with 

 yellow; chest (at least on the sides), streaked with 

 brown or chestnut, the sides and flanks less distinctly 

 streaked: sometimes a scries of brown or chestnut 

 streaks along each side of throat: bill, brownish-black; 

 iris, brown; legs and feet, dusky-brown. Adults in 

 Winter: Forehead and crown, grayish-brown, streaked 

 with dusky, sometimes with a slight admixture of chest- 

 nut, mostly concealed; the strip over the eye. chin, 

 throat, and chest, dull white instead of yellow ; other- 

 wise like the spring and summer plumage, but back, 

 etc., browner, and with darker streaks less distinct 

 (sometimes obsolete). 



Nest and Eggs. — Nest : On the ground and usually 

 well concealed under a tuft of grass or other ve.geta- 

 tion ; compactly constructed of fine dry grasses, strips 

 of bark, and moss. Eggs : 4. creamy wdnite. spotted 

 and blotched with reddish-brown, purple, and lavender, 

 more heavily around large end. 



Distribution. — Eastern North America, chiefly west 

 of the Alle.ghenies : breeding in the interior of British 

 Atnerica (Keewatin south to northern Minnesota) ; in 

 winter southern Florida, Bahamas, Greater Antilles, 

 Cozumel Island, Yucatan, and .Swan Island, and island 

 of Old Providence, Caribbean .Sea: occasional, during 

 migration, in Atlantic States and at eastern base of 

 Rockv Mountains. 



