GLOSSARY 



259 



Deflated. Emptied of air; — the op[.osite of inflated. 



Depressed. Ilmader than high: the opposite of com- 

 pressed. 



Dichromatic. Having two phases of color, inde- 

 pendently of age, sex. or season. 



Distal. Toward or at the extremity : the opposite of 

 proximal. 



Distribution. Natural .ideographical range of a 

 species or group. 



Diurnal. .Active in the daytime. 



Dorsal. Situated on or near the hack ; pertaining to 

 the back. 



Down. A covering of fluffy, soft feathers; young 

 birds are covered with down bemre they acipiire nrili- 

 nary feathers. Down feathers have very short stem--, 

 with soft barbs. 



Ear-coverts. The feathers overlying the ears of 

 most birds; auriculars. 



Eared. Having tufts of feathers resemblin.g ears. 



Ear-tufts. Tufts of elongated feathers on each side 

 of the crown or forehead, that can be erected. 



Eclipse plumage. A term applied to the inccini[)lete 

 molt of the m.des ,,f certain birds. 



Economic value. The usefulness, or otlierwise, of 

 a bird judged by its food, its relation to agriculture, etc. 



Elongate. Used in the sense of lengthened or 

 extended ; elongated. 



Emarginate. Having the maruin cut away : notched. 



Environment. The external conditions and influences 

 alYecting the life and development of an animal. 



Epignathous. Upper mandilde longer than, and 

 dccurved over, li.iwer. 



Erectile. Capalile of being erected or dilated. 



Exotic. Foreign; not native; introduced from a 

 foreign country. 



Facial disks. The area about the eyes of owls. 



Falciform. Sickle-shaped ; scythe-shaped. 



Family. A group of genera agreeing in certain 

 characters, and differing in one or more characters 

 from other families of the order to which they belong. 



Fauna. The animal life of a region. 



Felt. Matted fibers of hair, wool. fur. etc.; to cause 

 to mat or to adhere together. 



Ferruginous. Like iron ru^t in color; yellowish-red; 

 brownish-red. 



Filament. -\ barlj of a down feather. 



Filamentous. Threadlike. 



Filiform. Threadlike. 



Flag. .\ny one of the secondaries of a bird's wing; 

 also, the long feathers on the lower part of tlie legs 

 of certain birds, as the Owls and the Hawks. 



Flush. To cause a bird to start up and fly. 



Fore-neck. The throat; sometimes includes chin, 

 throat, and chest. 



Frontal. Pertaining to tlie foreheail, 



Frugivorous. Feeding on fruit. 



Fulvous. Tawny; dull yellowish with a mixture of 

 brown and gray. 



Fuscous. Dark brown ; smoky brown. 



Gallinaceous. I^ike the pheasants and the domestic 

 fowls : hen-like. 



Gape. The opening of the mouth. 



Genus [[dural. genera]. -A group of species agreeing 

 in certain characters, and differing from other genera 

 of the family to which they belong; also a single species 

 showing unusual difTerences. 



Glaucous. Of a whitish-blue or whitish-green color. 



Gonys. The outline of the lower mandible, from the 

 ti]! to the point where the branches fork. 



Gorget. A patch on the throat, distingualile from 

 the surrounding parts because of its color or for some 

 other special cause. 



Granular, Granulated. Having nuiuerous small 

 elevations on the surface; hnupy. 



Greater coverts. The hindmost series of wing- 

 coverts, which itumediately overlap the basis of the 

 secondaries. 



Gregarious. Living in flocks. 



Ground color. The main color of the general 

 surface. 



Gular. Pertaining to the throat. 



Habitat. Natural abode; the kind of environment 

 in which the bird occurs. 



Hibernate. To pass the winter in a lethargic or 

 torpid state. 



Hybrid. Offspring of parents of different species. 



Hymenopterous. Relating to the Hymenoptera. an 

 order of insects wliich includes the ants, bees, wasps, 

 saw-flies, etc. 



Immaculate, L'nspotted ; uiuuarked. 



Immature. Xc:>t adult, although full-grown. 



Incubation. The act of sitting on eggs; bromlin.g. 



Indigenous, (irowing or living naturally in a country 

 ■ ir region; native; not imported. 



Inflated. Filled with air; the opposite of deflated. 



Insectivorous. Feeding on insects; of or pertainin.g 

 to insects. 



Interscapulars. The feathers in the middle line of 

 the back, lietv.-een tlie scapulars or shoulders. 



Iridescent. With chan.geable colors or tints in dif- 

 ferent lights. 



Iris. The coloreil circle of the eye surroumling the 

 pupil. 



Isochronal. Recurring at regular intervals; uniforiu 

 in time. 



Isotherm. In physical geo.graphy a line niarkini; 

 lioints on tlie earth's surface liaving the same 

 tetnperature. 



Jugular. On, or relating to the jugulum. as a 

 jugular collar. 



Jugulum. The lower throat or foreneck ; imme- 

 diately above the breast ; sometimes called the upper 

 l)reast. 



Juvenal plumage. The pkimage inunediately suc- 

 ceeding the natal down. 



Lamella [plural, lamellae! . A thin plate or scale. 



Lamellate. Having lamelke, as the sides of a Duck's 

 bdl, 



Lamellirostral. Having a lamellate bill, as the 

 l)ucks. Geese, and .'swans. 



Larva [plural, larvae]. A grub, caterpillar, maggot, 

 etc. 



Lateral. At or toward the side. 



Lesser wing-coverts. The smaller wing-coverts, 

 those covering most of the shoulder, or area in front of 

 the middle coverts. 



Linear. Line-like. 



Littoral. Pertaining to or inhabiting the shore; 

 coastal region. 



Lobate, lobated. Having lobes or flaps along the 

 sides of tlie toes. 



Loral. Relating to the lores. 



Lore. The space between the eye and the bill ;^ 

 generally used in the plural, lores. 



