52 CINCLUS EUROP^US. 



concave, with nineteen quills. The first quill is very short 

 and narrow, the third longest, but the second and fourth are 

 scarcely shorter ; the other primaries are graduated ; the third, 

 fourth, and fifth, slightly cut out on the outer web. The quills 

 are all much decurved ; the secondaries also slightly curved 

 inwards, and rounded. The tail is short, even, of twelve rather 

 broad, abrupt, slightly rounded feathers, which are slightly 

 curved downwards, although the tail itself is generally held in 

 a horizontal direction, or inclined upwards. 



The bill is bluish-black, tinged with brown at the edges ; 

 the inside of the mandibles blackish ; the palate white ; the 

 tongue blackish anteriorly, yellowish behind, as is the intercru- 

 ral space. Iris pale brown, with a ring of black in the middle. 

 The tarsi and toes are bluish -grey, tinged with brown ; the 

 claws dusky. The head and hind-neck are deep brown ; both 

 eyelids with a white speck. The general colour of the upper 

 parts is dark-grey, each feather broadly margined with black. 

 The first row of coverts and all the quills are slightly tipped 

 with pale grey :, the quills and tail dark-brown, tinged with 

 grey. The throat and fore-neck are pure white ; the breast 

 chestnut-brown, that colour gradually blending with the deep 

 grey of the abdomen. The sides and lower tail-coverts are of a 

 deeper grey, the latter slightly tipped with pale brown. The 

 down and the downy parts of the feathers are dull dark- 

 greyish blue, the concealed part of the shafts whitish. 



Length to end of tail 7f inches ; bill along the ridge ^%, 

 along the edge of lower mandible 1 ; extent of wings 12 j ; wing 

 from flexure 3| ; tail 2^ ; tarsus 1^^^; first toe f |, its claw ^| ; 

 second toe f|, its claw || ; third toe j^, its claw j% ; fourth 

 toe Jo, its claw f |. 



Female. — The female differs very little from the male in 

 external appearance, the brown of the head being merely a 

 little lighter, the brownish-red of the breast less intense, and 

 the white of the fore-neck of somewhat less extent. 



Length to end of tail 7i inches; extent of wings 12; bill 

 along the ridge ^^|, along the edge of lower mandible 1 ; wing 

 from flexure 3| ; tail 2^ ; tarsus 1/^ ; first toe /g, its claw 



