FAMILY LABRIDAE — SCHULTZ 225 



sides each scale with one black dot; a whitish area on back opposite 

 dorsal spines III to V, another on back opposite dorsal soft rays 

 4 to 6, and a third on dorsal edge of caudal peduncle; the areas 

 between blackish, 

 4a. A dusky spot, size of pupil, near dorsal base of caudal fin rays; plate 

 104,E. (Red Sea; Mauritius; Madagascar.) 



H. centriquadrus (Lacepfede) 



46, No dark spot on caudal fin rays H. hortulanus (LacepMe) 



36. Young: A large black ocellate spot on first 4 or 5 soft dorsal rays; back- 

 ground coloration pale, with three broad darkish or blackish bars 

 composed of blotches, first on head, second at middle of length, 

 and third on caudal peduncle. Two dark streaks on head, the lower 

 one meeting its fellow on under side of lower jaw. 



H. hortulanus (LacepMe) 

 26. No patches of scales around eye as in 2a. 



5a. A large blotch or silvery spot on dorsal side of caudal peduncle; each 

 scale with a vertically elongate dusky bar, except those ventrally. 



H. trimaculatus (Quoy and Gaimard) 



56. No dark blotch on caudal peduncle; centers of scales with elongate 



silvery bars; sometimes a series of dusky spots along upper sides. 



H. scapularis (Bennett) 



16. No patch of scales on opercle and none around eye; head naked except at 

 occiput. 

 6a. Dorsal and anal soft rays normally 11, rarely 10 (see table 105). 



7a. Pectoral rays normally ii,ll rarely ii,10 or ii,12; background coloration 



pale or whitish, sides variably blotched with dark shades; a small 



black spot between dorsal spines I and II. 



8a. Anal fin distinctly spotted with dark dots on posterior sides of each 



ray; soft dorsal fin with similar dark spots; the black ocellate spot 



between soft dorsal rays 1 to 3 occupies their basal two-thirds; 



abdomen under pectoral fin to pelvic fin with a white bar on each 



row of scales, the posterior edge of each bar opposite each scale 



with a posteroventrally projecting short triangular white point; 



plate 104,C H. miniatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 



86. Anal fin without dark dots; abdomen without white spots as in 8a. 

 9a. Cheek below eye with elongate pale and dark lengthwise streaks; 

 dorsal fin transversely barred, these often enclosing roundish 

 white spots; the black ocellate spot on soft dorsal rays 1 to 3 

 is a little closer to distal edge of rays than their base. 



H. margaritaceus (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 



96. Cheek below eye with a pale and dark concentric marking; dorsal 



fin transversely barred; the black ocellate spot on dorsal soft 



rays 1 to 4 occupies the basal two-thirds of the rays; plate 104, A. 



H. nebulosus (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 



76. Pectoral rays normally ii,12; pectoral base with a dark bar; sides with 



6 or 7 dusky bars; middorsal line of head with a white streak; pale 



and dark marks on lower sides of head arranged as lengthwise streaks. 



H. binotopsis (Bleeker) 



66. Dorsal and anal soft rays usually 12 or 13, rarely 11. 

 10a. Dorsal soft rays 12, rarely 11 or 13. 



11a. Soft dorsal fin with 2 dark ocellate spots, first on rays 1 to 3 and 

 second on rays 9 to 11; branched pectoral rays 11; a prominent 



