240 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2 02 Vol. 2 



3a. Three rows of scales on cheek. (East, Central, and West Pacific.) 



Subgenus Scarops Schultz 

 36. Two rows of scales on cheek. (East Pacific.) 



Subgenus Xenoscarops Schultz 



2b. Each upper pharyngeal bone (pi. 108, A, B) with two enlarged rows of 



teeth, and along the outer base of the outer enlarged row occurs a 



rudimentary row; 3 rows of scales on cheek; gill rakers 4 to 9 + 11 



to 15. (Indo-Pacific.) Genus Chlorurus Swainson (p. 242) 



2c. Each upper pharyngeal bone (pi. 108, E) with a single enlarged row of 

 teeth, and along the outer base of this row occurs a rudimentary 

 row; 2 to 4 rows of scales on cheek; gill rakers 12 to 30 + 25 to 40. 



(Atlantic; Indo-Pacific.) Genus Scarus ForskS,l (p. 243) 



4a. Median predorsal scales 3. (West Pacific.) 



Subgenus Ypsiscarus Schultz 

 46. Median predorsal scales 4. (Central and West Pacific, Indian Ocean.) 



Subgenus Scarus Forsk§,l 

 4c. Median predorsal scales 5 to 8. (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Ocean.) 



Subgenus Hemistoma Swainson 

 16. Check below eye with 3 to 6 scales in a single row; front edge of dental plate 

 of upper jaw included within that of lower jaw when mouth is closed, 

 or edges of the dental plates oppose each other; teeth more or less 

 coalesced into a parrotlike beak or some of the teeth making up edge of 

 dental plate with free or almost free or distinct edges, or there may be 

 present externally pointed incisorlike teeth more or less imbricated and 

 in rows; pectoral fin rays ii,ll; gill rakers coarse, 2 or 3 + 1 + 6 to 12, the 

 raker at angle of arch may be diflScult to distinguish from those on 

 ventral part of arch; upper pharyngeal bones with 3 rows of teeth on 

 each side, plate 108; dentigerous surface of lower pharyngeals broader 

 than long. Subfamily Sparisomatinae, 

 6a. Median predorsal scales 4. 



6a. Gill membranes broadly joined to isthmus, without a free fold across 

 isthmus. 

 7a. Dorsal spines pungent. 



8a. Free, imbricate, incisorlike teeth present externally on both jaws; 

 inner lip not free at symphysis. (Hawaiian Islands.) 



Genus Scaridea Jenkins 

 86. No free, imbricate incisorlike teeth present externally on lower jaw, 

 teeth coalesced into a beak much as in the Scarinae, but edges 

 of the dental plates have more distinct but fused teeth; when 

 mouth is closed, edge of dental plate of upper jaw included 

 within that of lower jaw; inner lip free across snout; anterior 

 nasal opening with a cirrus, multifid at tip; canine teeth usually 

 present on upper jaw. (Atlantic.) 



Genus Sparisoma Swainson 

 76. Dorsal spines flexible, 



9a. Free, imbricate, incisorlike teeth present externa,lly on both jaws; 

 6 or 7 teeth in the middle rows of lower pharyngeals (pi. 108, 

 C), the seventh or outer tooth usually rudimentary; inner 

 upper lip not free across symphysis of snout; upper jaw with 

 canines at sides hooked out and somewhat backward. (Cen- 

 tral and West-Pacific, Indian Ocean.) 



Genus Calotomus Gilbert 



