FAMILY SCARIDAE — SCHULTZ 241 



96. No free, imbricate, incisorlike teeth present externally on jaws; teeth 

 coalesced into a plate with external canines on upper jaw of 

 adult males, absent on young and absent on adult females. 

 6 teeth present in middle rows of lower pharyngeals ( pi. 108, 

 F), the outer one on one side or the other rudimentary; lower 

 jaw fits over tips of teeth of upper jaw when mouth is closed. 



(West Pacific, Indian Ocean.) Genus Leptoscarus Swainson 



66. Gill membranes broadly jointed to isthmus, with a free fold (sometimes 



very narrow) across isthmus; dorsal spines flexible; pointed, in- 



cisorhke teeth present externally on both jaws; canines on outside 



of upper jaw present or absent. 



10a. Dermal cirrus absent on anterior nostril, edge mostly in the form of 



an elevated or raised rim; inner lip not free at front of snout; 



head notably pointed from lateral profile, angle between dorsal 



and ventral profiles about 40 to 50 degrees, snout profile may be 



slightly concave; external teeth slanting forward at front of both 



jaws, those of lower jaw more slanting; when mouth is closed 



tips of upper jaw meet teeth of lower jaw obliquely. (West 



Atlantic, Bermuda.) Genus Cryptotomus Cope 



106. Dermal cirrus on anterior nostril well developed but usually not 

 reaching posterior nostril; inner lip free across tip of snout; head 

 more rounded, becoming somewhat pointed in adults, angle 

 between dorsal and ventral profiles about 70 to 80 degrees; tips 

 of external teeth at front of mouth meeting, or those of lower jaw 

 may be included; not notably oblique. (West Atlantic, East 



Pacific.) Genus Nicholsina Fowler 



56. Median predorsal scales 5; gill membranes broadly joined to isthmus; 

 without free fold; dorsal spines pungent; no free imbricate teeth 

 present on jaws; edge of upper jaw included in that of lower jaw 

 when mouth is closed. (East Atlantic.) 



Genus Euscarus Jordan and Evermann 



Subfamily Scarinae 



This subfamily is characterized by having the teeth fully coalesced 

 into plates with a median suture, and the tip of lower jaw enclosed in 

 upper jaw when mouth is closed; rows of scales on the cheek number 

 2 to 4, ventral row may be represented by one to several scales; upper 

 pharyngeal bones with 1 to 3 rows of teeth, the outer or third row if 

 present, rudimentary; lower pharyngeals w4th dentigerous surface 

 notably longer than broad, with concave or flat surface; number of 

 teeth in middle rows of lower pharyngeals 5, usually with outer tooth 

 on one side reduced in size; if canines are present at side of jaws they 

 are always behind middle of side of dental plate ; anterior nostril with- 

 out a dermal cirrus, or at most only a slightly raised rim; lateral line 

 interrupted below rear end of base of dorsal fin, beginning again on 

 second scale row below and extending along midbase of caudal pedun- 

 cle; gill rakers on first gill arch vary from about 4 to 30 + 11 to 40; 

 pectoral rays normally ii,12 to ii,15; dorsal spines flexible; median 



