226 W. D. FUNKHOUSER 



1856 Ceresa taurina Fitch, Kept. Ins. N. Y. 3:33."). 



1856 Fitch, Trans. N. Y. Agr. Soc. 16:335. 



1858 Walk., List Horn. B. M. Suppi., p. 131. 



1862 Membracis taurina Harris, Treati.se, p. 221. 



1862 Ceresa taurina Uhler, Harris' Treatise, p. 221 . 



1869 Stal, Bid. Meinb. Kan., p. 245. 



1869 Membracis taurinus Rathvon, Momb. Hist. Lane. Co. Pa., p. 550. 



1877 Ceresa taurina Butler, Cist. Ent. 2:215, no. 3. 



1882 Lintner, First Kept. Ins. N. Y., p. 133. 



1884 Osborn, Iowa Agr. Coll., Ent. Bui. 2:90. 



1886 Prov., Petite Faune Can. 3:235. 



1890 Van Duzee, Psyche 5:388. 



1892 Osborn, Trans. Iowa Hort. Soc. 27:119. 



1893 Rilev, Proc. Ent. 8oc. Wash. 3:88-92. 

 1893 Eilev, Ins. Life 6:206. 



1893 Osborn, Fr. and For. Tree Ins., p. 24. 



1894 Bruner, Kept. Nebr. Hort. Soc. 25:162. 

 1894 Godg., Cat. Memb. N. A., p. 403. 

 1894 Marlatt, Ins. Life 7:S-14. 



1900 Green, Trans. III. Hort. Soc. 34:118. 



1901 Howard, Ins. Book, p. 238, fig. 131. 

 1903 Buckt., Mon. Memb., p. 173. 



1903 Buckt., Mon. Memb., p. 220, no. 39. 



1904 Snow, Ivans. Vniv. Sci. Bui. 2:349. 

 1908 Washburn, Kept. St. Ent. Minn. 12:—. 

 1908 Surface, Dept. Agr. Pa., Zool. Bui. 6:38. 



1908 Van Duzee, Stud. N. A. Memb., p. 37, pi. 1, fig. 19. 



1909 Smith, Ins. N. J., p. 90. 



1909 Sharp, Cambridge Nat. Hist. Ins. 2:577. 



1910 Matausch, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 18:165. 



1910 Hodgkiss, Apple and Pear Memb., p. 100-105. 



1911 Girault, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 19:15. 



1912 Matausch, Bui. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 31 : 332, pL 28, fig. 3. 



1913 Reh, Handb. Pflanz., p. 037. 



1913 Branch, Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui. 8:80, 100, figs. 8, 9. 



1914 Bromley, Psyche 21 : 19S. 



1915 Funkh., Fitch's Types, p. 50. 



1915 Metcalf, Hom. No. Car., p. 6. 



1916 Van Duzee, Check List Hem., p. 58, no. 1576. 



Common on fruit trees and bushes. Wide range of hosts. Often taken on 

 apple, pear, raspberry, and blackberry. More abundant than Cr^uhalus. 

 Recognized by the curved metopidiuni and the long, recurved horns. One 

 of the commonest, and next to ('. buhalus the largest, of the local Ceresas. 



This species has been reared from eggs taken from apple and from 

 pear. Locally the eggs are more numerous on. the former host plant. 

 In the field the insects may be reared from egg to adult on the tree if the 

 branch containing the egg mass is covered with netting. Normally, 

 however, the insects leave the tree after the second molt and drop to the 

 ground, where they feed on small annuals. The eggs are laid in the buds 



