Biology of the Membra cidae of the Cayuga Lake Basin 227 



just under the outer bud scale. They are placed upright and close 

 together, usually three or four in a row l)ut sometimes singly. The tip 

 of the egg projects from the ])ud and is easily visible to the naked eye. 

 The eggs are laid about the first of September and winter over. The 

 first nymphs are found the last week in April and reach maturity the last 

 week in July. The first instar requires about eight days and the second 

 seven, after which the nymphs migrate to weeds and bushes to feed. 

 The insect shows as wide a range of feeding plants as any membracid in 

 the basin and has been found on a large nvmiber of hosts. The second 

 two instars require about seven and ten daj's, respectively, and the last 

 over two weeks. These records agree fairly well with those obtained 

 ]\v Hodgkiss (1910:89) in his Geneva experiments. Only one brood a 

 year is found locally, and the appearance of the nymphs and the adults 

 is comparatively uniform from year to year. The species is abundant 

 in most of the orchards of the basin. 



Technical description. — Slightly smaller than the preceding species but resembling it in 

 color; bodj'^ slender and metopidium concave transversely; horns sharp, curving upward 

 and backward. 



Head roughly triangular, wider than long, roughly sculptm-ed, not punctate nor pubescent, 

 basal margin strongly curved; eyes prominent, brown and in some cases barred with darker, 

 extending beyond the adjoining lateral margins of the pronotum; ocelli prominent, pearly, 

 occasionally margined with reddish, nearer to each other than to the eyes; clypeus sub- 

 rectangular, swollen and protruding, extending for half its length beyond lateral margin 

 of face, faintly trilobed, apex bristled. 



Pronotum deeply and coarsely punctured, bright green fading to yellow, sparingly pubes- 

 cent; metopidium stronglj' concave with curved, transverse margin, area above eyes smooth; 

 suprahumeral horns slender and sharp, extending upward and backward, often much curved, 

 tips generally darker than bases; dorsal crest high and strongly curved; .semicircular lateral 

 impression deep and brownish; posterior process slender, strongly decurved, extending 

 beyond apex of abdomen and halfway to tips of tegmina. 



Tegmina and wings entireh' hyaline. I'nderparts of body and legs yellow-green. 



Length including tegmina, 9 mm.; width between tips of horns, 5.5 mm. 



This species has often been confused in literature with C. bub(duf<, 

 but is now recognized as entirely distinct. 



7. Ceresa constant Walker (Plate xxv, 1, 2, 4) 



1851 Thelin constans Walk., List Hom. B. M., p. 563. 



1869 Ceresa constans Stal, Bid. Memb. Kiin., p. 245. 



1877 Butler, Cist. Ent. 2:215, no. 4. 



1894 Godg., Cat. Memb. X. A., p. 404. 



1903 Buckt., .Mon. Memb., p. 173. 



1908 Van Duzee, Stud. N. A. JMemb., p. 37, pi. 1, figs. 7, 27. 



1915 Metcalf, Hom. Xo. Car., p. 6. 



1916 Van Duzee, Check Li.st Hem., p. oS, no. 1577. 



