Biology of the Membeacidae of the Cayuga Lake Basin 231 



Head wider than long, yellowish, only faintly sculptured, not punctate; eyes prominent, 

 reddish with white borders, extending beyond adjoining lateral margins of pronotum; ocelli 

 not prominent, pearly with reddish margins, nearer to each other than to the eyes; clypeus 

 continuing lateral margin of face, swollen and pubescent at tip. 



Pronotum yellow-green very strongly marked with brown and reddish; dorsal crest curved, 

 strongly marked with red; lateral semicircular impression faint, area within it lighter in color 

 than surrounding pronotum; posterior process slightly curved downward, about reaching 

 tip of abdomen but not extending halfway to extremities of tegmina. 



Tegmina hyaline, wrinkled, bases slightly punctate. Undersurface of body yellowish. 

 Legs concolorous yellow-green in life, fading to pale yellow in cabinet specimens. 



Length 8 mm.; width 3.5 nmi. 



9. Ceresa borealis Fairmaire (Plate xxv, 7-9) 



1846 Ceresa bo7-ealis Fairm., Rev. Memb., p. 284, no. 5. 

 1851 Walk., List Honi. B. M., p. 526. 



1908 Van Duzee, Stud. N. A. Memb., p. 38, pi. 1, figs. 8, 32. 



1909 Smith, Ins. N. J., p. 90. 



1910 Matausch, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 18: 166. 

 1913 Reh, Handb. Pflanz., p. 637. 



1913 Funkh., Hom. Wing Veins, p. 82, fig. 5. 



1915 Metcalf, Hom. No. Car., p. 6. 



1916 Van Duzee, Check List Hem., p. 58, no. 1579. 



The most abundant of the species of the genus in the basin. Found on 

 a wide variety of plants and in a wide range of localities. Commonest 

 on low shrubs and low trees. Close to C. bubalus, but smaller and darker 

 and easily recognized by the very hairy pronotum. 



This species has been reared in the laboratory from nymphs taken 

 from pignut and fed on sweet clover. Hodgkiss (1910:107) reports the 

 species as commonly ovipositing on apple and pear, but the orchards in 

 the basin have shown very few instances of infection by borealis, while the 

 eggs have been very abundant on pignut, hickory, young willow, and 

 raspberry. 



The eggs are laid in both the buds and the smaller twigs. As in 

 C. taurina, the insect deposits the eggs in rows, with the tips projecting: 

 but the number of eggs averages higher than in C. taurina, being from 

 six to eight in a series. There appears to l)e one regular brood and part 

 of a second each season. Some eggs are laid early, oviposition having 

 been ol)served the first week in August. It continues until the last of 

 September. Apparently the eggs first laid hatch the same season, but it 

 is doubtful whether the adults from these eggs are successful in surviving 

 the winter. The first nymphs have been observed in the field about the 

 middle of April and by the first of May they are abundant. They have 



