MATERIAL CULTURE OF THE INDIANS OF SAMANA 71 



Anadel. Hollowed, crescent-shaped goii<;es shaped from coral were 

 also recovered from the site at Anadel. Implements of coral were 

 lacking at the San Juan site and were scarce in the cave deposits 

 on the south shore of Samana Bay. 



Stone heads. — One of the few articles of personal adornment 

 recovered from the shell heaps and cave deposits is a fragment of 

 a hollow discoidal ear pendant of ground and polished calcite. This 

 fragment was excavated at the San Juan site. In section it is 1.5 

 centimeters thick and 1 centimeter wide. If the arc of the frag- 

 ment is extended into a circle the entire diameter of the ornament 

 would be 6 centimeters (2.4 inches). A deeply incised groove (0.5 

 centimeter) has been excavated from the center of the outer surface, 

 leaving two outer rim flanges. Sides and inner surface of the orna- 

 ment are flat and plain. It is not clear just how this ear ornament 

 was worn, whether the lobe of the ear was pierced and the stone 

 disk inserted within the enlarged lobe, or whether a suspension 

 attachment was employed for fastening the object as a pendant. 

 Figurines in clay and amulets in wood or shell show a character- 

 istic enlargement of the lobe of the ear, leaving a circular opening, 

 possibly representing the wearing of ear labrets. The ornament is 

 figured as 11 of Plate 9. 



Decorative tendencies of all known primitive peoples apparently 

 include some form of neck ornament in the form of beads or pend- 

 ants. In Plate 10 are illustrated the several forms of beads in shell, 

 stone, and bone recovered from Samana by the Museum expedition. 

 Cylindrical beads of chalcedony, greenstone, and other hard stones 

 resembling those from Samana are found on all the Greater Antilles. 

 The beads show drilling from both ends. Where the beads are 1 

 or more inches in length drilling with stone drills of calcite, com- 

 bined with the use of sand, formed a biconical perforation quite 

 irregular in appearance. It is noteworthy that the stone beads 

 recovered from the burial offerings on the south shore of the bay 

 are shaped from varieties of stone not occurring locally. Trans- 

 versely, perforate beads of shell recovered from sites on either shore 

 of the bay and on the north coast of the peninsula, also tubular beads 

 of polished stone from these sites reveal a similar identity of form. 



There are apparently two types of stone beads characteristic of 

 northeastern Santo Domingo. The long, tubular variety, with an 

 embossed central section and slightly raised end sectors or rims, and 

 the shorter plain surfaced tubular stone bead. Each of the stone 

 beads illustrated in Plate 10, except 2, are of soapstone or greenstone 

 and are highly polished. No. 2 is an unfinished, imperforate tubular 

 bead of limestone. A beginning had been made at perforation by 

 drilling and the hole at one end has progressed 2 millimeters. This 



