130 THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 



A white variety, having a faint tinge of yellow on the 

 rump, was shot by Capt. Turton on the loth of September 

 1827, at Rampton, in the North Riding. 



Local names are Cow Bird at Sedbergh ; Ray's Wagtail 

 at Ackworth ; Water Wagtail at Doncaster {Zool. 1849, 

 p. 2325) ; Yellow Water Waggy at Staithes and Loftus-in- 

 Cleveland ; Spring Wagtail in south-west Yorkshire ; and 

 Barley Seed Bird in Craven (Carr's " Craven Dialect," 1828). 



TREE PIPIT. 

 Anthus trivialis (Z.). 



Summer visitant ; generally distributed in wooded localities ; 

 arrives in mid-April, and leaves in September. 



The first published reference to the Tree Pipit is in 

 Willughby's " Ornithology," under the heading of The 

 Lesser Crested Lark, Alauda cristata minor. This last we have 

 not yet seen. Mr. Johnson (of Brignall, near Greta Bridge) 

 found and described it in the north of England." (Will. 

 " Orn." 1678, pp. 24 and 209.) According to Montagu's 

 " Ornithological Dictionary " this is the Tree Pipit. See also 

 Yarrell's " British Birds," 4th ed., Vol. i., p. 571, 



Thomas Allis, 1844, wrote : — 



Anthus arboreus. — Tree Pipit — Common. 



This species, which is our only true summer visitor of 

 the Pipit family, usually arrives about the middle of April. 

 From a long series of observations, extending over half a 

 century, the average taken gives April the 15th as the 

 approximate date, while the earliest note of its appearance, 

 so far as I am aware, is the i8th of ^Nlarch 1894, when Mr. R. 

 Fortune observed several near Harrogate. 



During its sojourn with us it is generally diffused, commonly 

 frequenting the outskirts of woods and plantations, and, in 

 more open country, the scattered timber on the borders of 

 fields and streams. Altitude does not seem to affect its 



