TURDID/E — TURDINjE : THR USHES. 



251 



Fig. 118. — Varied Thrush, nat. 



(Ad. uat. del. E. C.) 



H. nae'via. (Lat. nrnvia, spotted, varied; ncevus, a birth-mark. Figs. 117, 118.) Varied 

 Thrush. Oregon Robin. Adult (J, iu summer: Entire upper parts dark slate-culur, vary- 

 ing in shade from blackish to plumbe- 

 ous slate, in less perfect specimens 

 with a slight olive tinge ; wings and 

 tail blackish, with more or less of 

 plumbeous or olive shade, according 

 to age of the quills ; greater and lesser 

 wing-coverts, tipped with orange- 

 broAvn, forming two cross-bars, and 

 quiUs edged in two or three places 

 with the same ; quills also white at 

 b.ase on inner webs, this marking not 

 visible from the outside; one or sev- 

 eral lateral tail-feathers tipped with 

 wliite. A broad black collar across 

 breast, mounting on side of neck and 

 head. Stripe behind eye, lower eyelid, 

 an<l under parts orange- brown, gradu- 

 ally giving way to white on lower belly; 

 vent and crissum mixed white, orange- 

 brown, and plumbeous. Bill black ; 



feet and claws dull yellowish. Length 9.50-10.00; extent about IG.OO ; wing 5.00; tail 375; 

 bill 0.80 ; tarsus, or middle toe and claw, 1.25. Adult 9, in summer : Upper parts olivaceous- 

 plumbeous (almost exactly the shade of the common Robin in winter) ; wings and tail scarcely 

 darker; pectoral collar narrow, like the back in color; other under parts like those of the ^, 

 but duller, paler, and rather rusty than orange-brown, with more white on lower belly. Mark- 

 ings of head, tail, and wings exactly as iu the ^. Young: Like adult ?, in many respects; 

 duller; no white on belly and crissum. Upper parts in many cases with a decided umber-brown 

 wash ; feathers of breast and throat with blackish edgings ; lesser wing-coverts with angular rusty 

 spots, but no fully speckled stage, like that of the very young Robin, has been observed, though 

 August specimens have been examined. In young ^, black pectoral bar at first indicated by 

 interrupted blackish crescents on individual feathers. Young 9 9 sometimes show scarcely a 

 trace of collar. At all ages, markings of head and wings are much the same. Pacific coast 

 region, Alaslai to Mexico, abundant, migratory ; accidental in Mass., N. J., and Long Island. 

 Nest in bushes, of twigs, grasses, mosses, and lichens ; eggs 1.12 X 0.80, light greenish-blue, 

 speckled with dark brown. Breeds S. to Humboldt Co., Cal. 



TUR'DUS. (Lat. turdus, a thrush.) True Thrushes. A large genus, even when taken 

 in its most restricted sense, including many species, occurring in most parts of the world, of 

 medium and small size. Tail rather short, not thrice as long as tarsus, which is decidedly 

 longer than middle toe and claw. Bill notched near end, more or less widened and depressed 

 at the bases. Sexes indistinguishable, or at least quite similar, extensively streaked or spotted 

 on the under parts. The type of Turdus Linn., Syst. Nat., i, 1758, p. 168, is now taken to be 

 T. viscivoms, the Missel Thrush of Europe, with which such species as T. musicus, the Mavis 

 or Song Thrush, and T. iliacus, the Redwing, are strictly congeneric. 



T. ili'acus. (Lat. iliacus, relating to the flanks, which are reddish. Fig. 113.) Red-winged 

 Thrush. Wind Thrush. Redwing. Winnard. Upper parts hair-brown with an 

 olive shade, darker on head, paler on rump. Wing-quills deep brown ; coverts and inner 

 secondaries tippf^l witli wliitish. Tail dark brown, the outer feather usually white- 

 tipped. Lore blackish ; eyelids and superciliary stripe whitish ; auriculars streaked with 



