254 SYSTEM A TIC SYNOPSIS. — PA SSERES — OSCINES. 



H. f. salici'cola. (Lat. salix, a willow ; colere, to inhabit or cultivate.) Willow Tawny 



Thrush. Like fuscescens, but averaging larger; upper parts less decidedly tawny; juguluin 

 less distinctly buff. Wing 3.80-4.25, av. 4.02; tail 2.95-3.40, av. 3.20; bill 0.55-0.00 ; tarsus, 

 av. 1.17; middle toe without claw, av. 0.69. Rocky Mt. region, U. S., N. to British Colum- 

 bia, S. to Brazil in winter, occasionally E. to Illinois and South Carolina. This siibspecies is 

 clearly referable to fuscescens ; but it bears an extraordinary resemblance to ustulata, in the 

 russet-olive color of the upper parts, and only slightly buff tinge of the juguluui. It is distin- 

 guished from ustulata by lack of the buff orbital ring so characteristic of ustulata and swain- 

 soni, and other characters by which fuscescens differs, notably the few if any spots on the white 

 breast back of the buff area, and pale hoary gray instead of sordid olive-gray shading of the 

 sides. The nest and eggs are like those of fuscescens, not like those of ustulata or swainsoni. 

 H. aonalasch'kae. (Of Aoualaschka, Oonalashka, Oonalaska, Ounalashka, Unalaschka, Una- 

 lashka, Unalaska, etc., one of the largest islands of the Aleutian chain in Alaska. Unfortu- 

 nately, this barbarous name, of unsettled orthography, was given to the Western form of 

 Hermit Thrush by Gmelin in 1788, before the common Eastern form had been described : for 

 it thus takes precedence as the specitic term. In the 2d-4th eds. of the Key I softened the 

 outlandish word into the Latin-looking form of unalascee ; but by our rigid rules it must be 

 restored to its original terrors.) Dwarf Hermit Thrush. Western Hermit Thrush, 

 In color absolutely like the common Eastern Hermit below described ; in size slightly less on 

 an average; length scarcely 7.00 ; wing 3.30; tail 2.50; tarsus 1.15. Pacific coast region of 

 N. A., Alaska to Lower California and Western Mexico, breeding from the Sierra Nevadas 

 northward, and in migration found in the Great Basin. Nest and eggs not distinguishable 

 with certainty from those of the Eastern Hermit. 



H. a. aud'uboni. (To J. J. Audubon.) AuDUBOx's Hermit Thrush. In color abso- 

 lutely like the common Eastern Hermit; in size larger on an average; length about 7.75; 

 wing 4.20; tail 3.30; tarsus 1.20. Inhabits Rocky Mt. region of the U. S., westward in the 

 Great Basin to Southern California, S. in winter through Mexico to Guatemala. A better 

 marked variety than the last ; besides the larger size, on an average, the general tone is rather 

 duller or grayer, and the rufous of the tail is not so bright. Nest and eggs as in the common 

 Hermit. 



Note. T. sequoiensis Belding, Proc. Cala. Acad., ii, June, 1889, p. 18, breeding at Big Trees, Calaveras Co., Cal., 

 is deemed inadmissible, as noted in tiie Key, 4th ed., p. 897. It resembles other Western Hermits in the rufous tail, un- 

 spotted eggs, etc. ; the ascribed dimensions are intermediate between those of the two preceding forms. 



H. a. pal'lasi. (To Peter S. Pallas, the celebrated Russian traveller and naturalist (Cabanis, 

 1845). T. tinalasccE nanus of 2d-4th eds. of the Key, based on T. nanus Aud. There is 

 much to be said in favor of this name, but I waive my contention in deference to the A. 0. U. 

 committee. For synonymy of all our Hylocichla;, see Coues, B. Col. Vail., i, 1878, pp. 22-28.) 

 Eastern Hermit Thrush. Swamp Angel. ^ 9, in summer: Upper parts olivaceous, 

 with a brownish cast, and therefore not so pure as in sivainsoni ; this color changing on rump 

 and upper tail-coverts into rufous of tail, in decided contrast with back. Under parts white, 

 shaded with grayish-olive on sides ; breast, jugulum, and sides of neck more or less strongly 

 tinged with yellowish, and marked with numerous large, angular, dusky spots, which extend 

 back of the yellowish-tinted parts. Throat immaculate. A yellowish orbital ring. Bill brown- 

 ish-black; most of under mandible livid whitish ; mouth yellow; eyes brown ; legs pale brown- 

 ish. ^: Length 7.00-7.25; extent 11.00-12.00; wing 3.50-3.75 ; tail 2.75-3.00. 9 smaller: 

 Length 6.75-7.00; extent 10.75-11.25; wing 3.25-3.50. Averages of both sexes are: 

 Length 7.00; extent 11.25; wing 3.50; tail 2.75 ; tarsus 1.15. The dimensions thus overlap 

 those of both aonalaschkce and auduhoni, and no positive discrimination is possible ; the differ- 

 ences, when any, being of averages, not of extremes either way. $ 9 ? i" winter: The oliva- 



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