TROGLODYTID.E—TROGLODYTIN.E: WRENS. 297 



ish above, pale below ; feet bnnvn. Length 5.00-5.25 ; extent 6.75 ; wing and tail about 2.10. 

 Exposed portion of 1st primary about \ as long as 2d primary. Western U. S., chiefly from 

 tlie Plains and Rocky Mt. region, E. to Illinois, N. to Manitoba, S. into Mexico, abundant, 

 there replacing T. aedon, to which it is so similar ; but on an average paler and grayer, with 

 rather longer wings and tail. Parkman's Wren was originally described by Audubon from the 

 Columbia River, and the name therefore belongs to the next variety, as stated in the Key, 4th 

 ed., 1890, p. 898: see Allen, Auk, Jan. 1888, p. 164. The present form is T. cedon aztecus 

 Baird, Rev. A. B., 1864, p. 139; T. cedon parkmanni Coues, Key, 1st ed., 1872, p. 87; 

 T. domesticus parJcmani, Key, 2d-4th eds., 1884-90, p. 278; T. aedon aztecus, A. 0. U. Lists, 

 1886-95, No. 721 b. 



T. a. park'mani. (To Dr. George Parkman, of Boston, murdered Nov. 23, 1849, by Prof. 

 John W. Webster, Professor of Chemistry in Medical College of Harvard, Cambridge, Mass.)' 

 I'aukman's Wren. Pacific House Wren. More heavily colored than typical aedon, 

 with tendency to more extensive barring. Pacific coast region, British Columbia, Washington, 

 Oregon, and Northern California, grading directly into the last form. T. parkmanii, Aud., 

 Orn. Biogr., v, 18^39, p. 310; T. tedon parkmanni, in part, Coues, Key, 1872, and later eds.; 

 T. aedon parkmanii, A. 0. U. List, 2d ed., 1895, p. 300, No. 721 a. 



ANORTHU'RA. (Gr. av, an, signifying negation; 6p66s, ortJios, straight; ovpa, oura, tail.) 

 Winter Wrens. Like Troglodytes proper, but tail decidedly shorter than wings, the out- 

 stretched feet reaching far beyond its end. Eggs colored. 



Analysis of Species and Subspecies. 



Length about 4.00 ; bill about 0.40. 



Eastern hiemalis 



Western h. pacificus 



Length about 4.50 ; bill 0.50-0. CO. 



Alaskan alascensis 



A. hiema'lis. (Lat. /nemaZis, wintry ; feiems, winter. Fig. 156.) Winter Wren. Above 



brown, darker before, brighter behind, most of back, together with tail and inner wing-quills, 



banded with dusky; markings obsolete on 



back, where usually accompanied by whitish 



specks, strongest on wings and tail. Outer 



webs of several primaries regularly barred 



with brownish-white, in marked contrast with 



other bars of the wings. An inconspicuous 



whitish superciliary line. Below brownish, 



paler or whiti.sh anteriorly ; belly, flanks, and 



crissum heavily waved with dusky and whitish 



bars. Bill slender, straight, decidedly shorter 



than head. Tail much shorter than wings. 



Length 3.90-4.10; extent 6.00-6.50 ; wing Fro. 156. - Winter Wren, little reduced. (Baird'sfig- 



. .w .,,->_,.,, ^ .r. . , ■,-, ure of A. alascensis.) 



I./.^; tail 1.25; bill 0.40; tarsus, middle toe, 



and claw together, about 1.12. Eastern N. Am., common, migratory, breeding from N. New 

 England and corresponding latitudes northward, in the Alleghanies S. to N. Carolina, winter- 

 ing in the U. S. from about its southern limit of breeding southward ; the strict representative 

 of tbe European Wren, A. troglodytes. Nest of twigs, moss, lichens, hair, feathers, etc., usually 

 in a stump or log close to the ground: eggs 5-8, 0.65 X 0.50, pure white, minutely dotted 

 with reddi.sh -brown and purplish, but not nearly so heavily marked as those of House Wrens and 

 long-billed Marsh Wrens, sometimes very sparingly sprinkled. A sly, secretive little bird, less 

 often seen than other Wrens no less common ; voice strong and highly musical. Anorthura 



