MNIOTILTID.E: AMERICAN WARBLERS. 



311 



but one of them is almost certainly a hybrid between H. pinus and Oporornis formosa, while 

 the other two are probably hybrids between H. pinus and H. chrysoptera. There have also been 

 added a variety oi' II. ruhricapUla, and two varieties of i/. celata. 

 These are enumerated beyond, but ouly the 8 established species 

 are considered in the analysis of the genus. Even with this re- 

 duction, Helminthophila is still the second largest genus of the sub- 

 family. It is peculiarly North American, all the known species 

 occurring in this country, some of them not being known to occur 

 elsewhere. The genus may be divided according to coloration intit 



two groups, which correspond in a general way with geographical ^m. m.-H. chrysoptera, 



distribution. Three species {HH. pinus, chrysoptera, and bach- "**■ size. (Ad. nat. del. E. c.) 

 mani), exclusively Eastern, are of variegated colors, the tail-feathers white-blotched as in Den- 

 drosca. In the other five the coloration is simpler; the tail-feathers are not, or not conspicu- 

 ously, blotched with white, and all but one of these species have a crown-patch ; one of them 

 is Eastern, two are Western, and two of general dispersion. The natural analysis of the 

 species, and a shorter Key to them, are subjoined ; these tables should suffice to identify adult 

 males, but females and young, particularly of celata, ruhricapUla, and Virginia, require detailed 

 descriptions for their recognition. (In H. peregrina, with tail normally plain, the outer feather 

 is sometimes distinctly white-blotched.) Relminthophaga Cab., of 1st ed. of Key. Helmin- 

 thophila RiDGW., of all later eds. 



Natural Analysis of Species. 



I. Tail-feathers conspicuously white-blotched. Wings with white or yellow on coverts. Head or breast with black. 



Exclusively Eastern. 



1. Bluish-ash, below white ; crown and wing-bars yellow ; throat and stripe on side of head black 



chrysoptera 



2. Olive-green ; wings and tail bluish-ash, former with white or yellow bars ; crown and under parts yellow ; 



lores black pivns 



3. Olive-green, below yellow ; throat, breast, and crown-patch black ; forehead yellow bachmani 



II. Tail-feathers inconspicuously or not blotched with white. No decided wing-markings. No black anywhere. 



a. Crown without colored patch. Wings about half as long again as tail. 



4. Tail with obscure whitish spot on outer feather ; under parts white or whitish ; upper parts olive-green, 



brighter behind, quite ashy in front. Chiefly Eastern peregrina 



b. Crown with colored patch. Wings shorter. 



5. Crown-patch orange-brown ; tail unmarked ; upper parts olive-green, under parts greenish-yellow, both 



nearly uniform. Western and incompletely Eastern celata 



G. Crown-patch chestnut ; tail unmarked ; upper parts olive-green, growing ashy on head ; under parts uni- 

 formly yellow. Eastern and incompletely Western ruhricapUla 



7. Crown-patch chestnut ; tail unmarked ; above olivaceous-ash, below whitish ; rump and under tail-coverts 



bright yellow ; breast yellowish. Western virgini<e 



8. Crown-patch and upper tail-coverts chestnut ; outer tail-feather with dull white patch ; above pale 



cinereous, below white. Southwestern lucia 



Pass-key to the Species. 



Tail-feathers white-blotched — bluish, crown yellow, throat black chrysoptera 



— greenish, crown and all under parts yellow pinus 



— greenish, crown (partly) and throat black bachmani 



— upper tail-coverts chestnut, crown-patch chestnut . lucias 



Tail-feathers all unmarked — upper tail-coverts — yellow ; crown-patch chestnut virginUt 



— not yellow ; crown-patch chestnut rubricapilla 



orange-brown celata 



wanting peregrina 



H. pi'nus. (Lat.^mws, a pine-tree. Fig. 168.) Blue-winged Yellow Warbler. Adult 

 $ : Fore part of crown and entire under parts rich yellow ; upper parts yellow-olive, becoming 

 slaty-blue on wings and tail (system of coloration thus Vike th-dt of Protonotaria). Wings 

 ■with two white or yellowish bars ; tail with several large white blotches ; under tail-coverts 



