314 S YS TEMA TIC S Y NOP SIS. — PA SSERES — OSCINES. 



with color of back. Entire under parts yellow, including under wing-coverts and edge of wing ; 

 sides shaded with olive. Length 4.50-4.75; extent 7.50; wing 2.33-2.50; tail 1.75-2.00. 

 9, in summer: Similar; head less purely ashy; crown-patch 

 smaller and more hidden, if not wanting; yellow of under parts 

 paler, whitening on belly. Autumnal specimens, of both sexes, 

 though quite as yellow below as iu summer, have the ash 

 of the head glossed over with olivaceous, and in birds of the 

 year the crown-patch may be entirely wanting. This species 

 is distinguished by the rich clear yellow of the under parts at 

 ' all seasons. In H. celata, which is next most yellow below, 



the color has a greenish cast ; the head is little, if any, differ- 

 no. 170. - Nashville Warbler. ^^t from the rest of the upper parts, and the crown-patch is 

 (L. A. Fuertes.) urange-brown. Eastern N. Am., W. to the Plains, N. far 



into the fur countries, S. in winter to Mexico and Central America. A common bird, migra- 

 tory in most of U. S., breeding in latitude of S. New England (further S. in alpine regions) 

 and thence northward. Nest on the ground, like the others, and eggs not peculiar. (Sylvia 

 ruficapilla Wils., 1810, nee Lath., 1790. H. ruficapilla of 2d-4th eds. of Key, as of most 

 late authors. Sijli'ia rnhricapiUa Wils., 1812. H. ruhricapilla Faxon, Auk, July, 1896, 

 p. 264; A. 0. U. Suppl. List, Auk, Jan. 1897, p. 130, No. 645.) 



H. r. guttura'lis. (Lat. relating to guttur, the throat.) Calaveras Warbler. Quite 

 like the last ; said to be more brightly colored ; rump and upper tail-coverts more yellowish ; 

 lower parts more richly yellow ; slightly larger ; average size as alleged equal to the largest 

 ruhricapilla: <? wing 2.40-2.55; tail 1.90-2.00. Eocky Mts. to the Pacific, N. to Alaska 

 (Kadiak), S. to L. Cala. and W. Mexico. I have heretofore declined to recognize this slight 

 race, and do so now with reluctance. Helminthophaga ruficapilla gutturalis Bd., Brew. 

 and RiDGW., Hist. N. A. B., i, 1874, p. 191 ; Helmintliophila r. g. Ridgw., Pr. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., viii, 1885, p. 354; A. O. U. Lists, 1886 and 1895, No. 645 a ; H. rubricapilla gutturalis 

 Faxon, Auk, July, 1896, p. 264; A. 0. U. Suppl. List, Auk, Jan. 1897, p. 131, No. 645 a. 

 H. cela'ta. (Lat. celata, concealed, as is the orange on the crown.) Orange-CROWNED 

 Warbler. (J 9 > ii summer : Upper parts olive, duller and washed with grayish toward 

 and on head, brighter and more yellowish on rump and upper tail-coverts. Beneath greenish- 

 white, palest on belly and throat, more olive-shaded on sides ; the color not pure, but rather 

 streaky, and having in places a grayish cast. Wings and tail edged with color of back ; lining 

 of wings like belly ; inner edges of tail-feathers whitish. Orbital ring and lores yellowish. 

 An orange-brown patch on crown, partially concealed, smaller and more hidden in 9 than in 

 (J. Length 4.80-5.20; extent 7.40-7.75; wing 2.30-2.50 ; tail 2.00 or rather more. Resem- 

 bling the last, and often difficult to distinguish in immature plumage ; but a general oUveness 

 and yellowness, compared with the ashy of some parts of rubricapilla, and different color of 

 crown-patch in the two species, will usually be diagnostic. The sexes of this species scarcely 

 differ, and young or autumnal birds are very similar to adults, except frequent or usual absence 

 of the orange-brown crown-spot in birds of the year. The species is well distinguished from 

 all its allies by color of crown-patch. N. Am. at large, but especially Western and Middle 

 regions; rare or occasional in the Eastern Province; N. to Mackenzie River region and the 

 Yukon in British America and Alaska; migratory mainly in the interior; winters in S. Atlan- 

 tic and Gulf States and E. Mexico; breeds in Arctic and subarctic regions; in alpine localities 

 S. to New Mexico ; nest and eggs not peculiar. 



H. c. lutes'cens. (Lat. lutescens, growing yellowish.) Pacific Orange-crowned War- 

 bler. Differs in being much more richly colored. It may be described simply as olive-green 

 above, and greenish-yellow, shaded with olive on sides, beh)vv, without the qualifying terms 

 required for precision in the case of typical celata. Pacific Coast region, Alaska to Lower Call- 



