MNIOTILTID.E: AMERICAN WARBLERS. 319 



(Subgenus Dendrceca.) 



D. aesti'va. (Lut. eestiva, summeTy; testas, summer.) Summer Warbler. Summer Yel- 

 low-bird. Yellow-poll Warbler. Blue-eyed Yellow Warbler. Golden 

 Warbler. "Wild Canary." Adult ^ : Golden yellow ; back with a greenish tinge 

 resulting in rich yellow-olive ; rump more yellowish ; middle of back sometimes obsoletely 

 streaked with darker. Crown like under parts, in high plumage often tinged with orange- 

 brown. Breast and sides, and sometimes most of the under parts, streaked with orange- 

 brown. Quills and tail-feathers dusky, edged on both webs with yellow, occupying most of 

 the inner webs of the tail-feathers. Bill plumbeous. Feet pale brown. Length 4.75-5.00; 

 extent 7.50-7.75 ; wing 2.50 ; tail 2.00. Adult 9 : Yellow-olive of upper parts extending on 

 crown ; streaks below obsolete or entirely wanting. General coloration paler. Young : Like 

 9 , but still duller. Upper parts, including crown, pale olive, with an ochrey instead of clear 

 yellow shade ; below ochrey- white or dull pale yellowish. Edgings of wings and tail dull yel- 

 lowish. N. Am., everywhere in woodland, gardens, orchards, parks, and even city streets, a 

 beautiful, abundant, and familiar little bird. Nests throughout its range, in fruit or shade 

 trees, shrubbery and brushwood, building a neat, compact, and durable nest of soft vegetable 

 and animal substances felted together; eggs commonly 4-5, 0.64-0.69 X 0.48-0.53, grayish- 

 or greenish-white, variously dotted and blotched with reddish-brown and lilac shades. The 

 color of this precious gem makes a pretty spot as it flits through the verdure of the grove or 

 plays amidst the rose-tinted blossoms of the fruit-orchard ; and its sprightly song is one of the 

 most familiar sounds of bird-life during the season when the year renews its youth. 

 D. ae. sonora'na. (Lat. sonoran.) SONORA Summer Warbler. Adult ^ : Like the 

 last ; upper parts, especially the rump, wings, and tail, more uniformly yellow, the rump 

 usually pure yellow and the back and wings scarcely tinged with greenisli ; light yellowish 

 edgings of wing-quills and coverts broader ; crown with a brownish-orange tinge, and feathers 

 of the interscapulars with shaft-stripes of purplish-chestnut, usually conspicuous ; under parts 

 faintly and sparsely streaked. 9 '■ Much paler and grayer than that of (Estiva proper ; 

 yellowish-gray above, in contrast with more decided yellowness of wing-coverts and tail- 

 feathers, the latter only narrowly edged with yellow ; under parts very pale straw yellow, whiten- 

 ing on the throat. Wing of $ 2.55; tail L80 ; tarsus 0.70; bill 0.50. Sonora, through S. 

 Arizona and S. New Mexico to W. Texas. This would appear to be a recognizable form, 

 especially in the streaking of the interscapulars, though this feature is not always exhibited. 

 Brewster, Auk, Apr. 1888, p. 137; Coues, Key, 4th ed., 1890, p. 898; A. 0. U. List, 

 2d ed., 1895, p. 274, No. 652a. In some respects it resembles D. ee. morcomi Coale, Bull. 

 Ridgw. Club, Chicago, No. 2, Apr. 1887, p. 82; RidCxW., Man., 1887, p. 494 ; but this 

 Western form of the Yellow Warbler has been disallowed by the A. 0. U. Committee. 

 D. ae. rubiginosa. (Lat. rubiginosus, reddish, as the streaks on the under parts of the <? 

 are.) Like the last, but upper parts nearly uniform, as the olivaceous of the back extends 

 over the crown and rump ; streaks of breast and edgings of wings and tail rather narrow. Only 

 recognized from Alaska and British Columbia ; type specimen from Kadiak Isl. Motacilla 

 rubiginosa Pall., Zoog. R.-A., i, 1811, p. 496 (Kadiak). D. (B. rubiginosa Oberholser, 

 Auk, Jan. 1897, ]^. 76; A. 0. U. Suppl. List, ibid, p. 123, No. 652 6. 



D, bry'anti castaneiceps. (To Dr. Henry Bryant. Lat. castaneiceps, chestnut-headed.) 

 Chestnut-Headed Golden Warbler. Mangrove Warbler. Belonging to the 

 " golden warbler" group of the genus, and resembling D. cestiva in general characters. Dusky 

 predominating over yellow on tail-feathers ; tarsus about 0.72. Adult $: Whole head chest- 

 nut, well defined all around against the yellow ; edging of wing-coverts slight ; rufous streaks 

 of breast and sides few and narrow. This resembles the continental D. rieHloti, as described 

 by Cassin in 1860, but would appear to be well distinguished by the rufous hood which 



