MNIOTILTWjE: AMERICAN WARBLERS. 321 



D. town'sendi. (To J. K. Townsend.) Townsend's Warbler. Adult $ : Entire upper 

 parts yellowish-olive, rather darker than in virens, everywhere streaked with black, especially 

 on crown, where black usually predominates ; no hidden yellow on crown. Side of head bnjs^ht 

 yellow, enclosing a large black patch on loral, orbital, and auricular regions, in which the yel- 

 low eyelids appear. Chin, throat, and juguluin black ; breast, and sides part way, yellow ; 

 iiides of breast and of body streaked with black. Under wing-coverts, belly, flanks, and crissum 

 white, the two latter slightly shaded and streaked with dusky. Wings crossed with two white 

 bands, that of the median coverts broadest. Wings and tail fuscous, the former with pale edit- 

 ings, the latter having two or three outer feathers largely blotched with white. Bill and feet 

 blackish horn-color. Length about 5.00 ; extent 7.50-8.00; wing 2.25-2.50; tail 2.00. 9 : Like 

 ^ , but black of throat veiled with yellow, and that on top and sides of head mixed with or re- 

 placed by olive. Young : Shade of upper parts slightly brownish, and the black streaks slight, 

 obsolete, or wanting. The dark patch on side of head olivaceous, like back. No continuous 

 black on throat. Autumnal adults show various gradations between characters of old and 

 young. Very closely related to D. virens, of which it is the western representative. Adult 

 males readily distinguished by darker greenish upper parts, conspicuously streaked, especially 

 on head, with black which in summer is uniform ; black cheeks and auriculars ; and yellow 

 bordering black of throat laterally and spreading on breast behind. Young birds not so easily 

 ■discriminated ; but there are usually traces at least of the black streaks on the upper parts ; 

 there is no concealed yellow on crown ; the yellow of under parts, quite as bright as in the 

 adult, extends far along the breast, behind that part where it veils the black. Rocky Mts. to 

 Pacific, Alaska to Guatemala ; breeds in coniferous woods in U. S. and British Columbia range, 

 from S. Cala. to upper Yukon valley, E. to Idaho; in migrations E. to Col. and W. Texas*, 

 straggler taken in Penn. Eggs indistinguishable from those of virens. 



D. occidenta'lis. (Lat. occidentalis, western; where the sun sets.) Western Warbler. 

 Hermit Warbler. Adult ^ : Above, ashy-gray, tinged with olive, especially on rump, and 

 closely streaked with black ; top and sides of head rich yellow, the former spotted with black. 

 Below, white; central line of chin, throat, and jugulum black, ending on breast with a sharp 

 convex outline, contrasted with the adjoining white. Wings and tail as in virens. Bill black. 

 Length 4.75-5.00; extent 7.75; wing 2.50-2.75; tail 2.l'2-2.25; tarsus 0.66-0.75; bill 0.40. 

 Adult 9- Like ^, but darker gray above, with yellow of head less extended, and thnjat 

 whitish, spotted with dusky. Young: Upper parts olivaceous-ash, and yellow of top of head 

 overlaid with olive. Sides of head pretty clear yellow, fading gradually into white of throat. 

 No black on throat. White of under parts faintly brownish-tinged, and sides with obsolete 

 streaks. In a September specimen I took in Arizona the dusky-olive extends over all upper 

 parts, tinging the ashy of lower back, and reaching on crown nearly to bill, where it gradually 

 lightens by admixture of yellow; sides of head clear yellow, soiled with some olivaceous; chin 

 and throat the same, fading on breast into the dull white of the other under parts ; sides with 

 obsolete streaks, and a slight grayish-olive wash. There is no black whatever about head or 

 throat, and the blackish streaks of back are obsolete. The wings are twice-barred with con- 

 spicuous white tips of greater and median coverts. Rocky Mts. to the Pacific, U. S. and Brit- 

 ish Columbia ; S. in winter to L. California and Mexico to Guatemala ; another of tlie several 

 western warblers of the D. virens group. Nest high in conifers, of pine-needles, bark-shreds, 

 rootlets, and sometimes hairs, 4.00 in outside diameter, by 2.00 inside, with a cavity about 

 1.00 deep; eggs 0.70 X 0.52, creamy white, marked with brown and neutral tints, as usual; 

 laid in June. 



D. chrysopari'a. (Gr. xpi'<^o9, chriisos, golden, and napfid, pareia, cheek.) Golden-cheeked 

 Warbler. Prevailing color of upper parts black, usually mixed with olive-green ; sides of 

 head yellow, with narrow black stripe through eye ; below, with wings and tail, as in vireris; 

 size of that species, and changes of plumage generally parallel; very closely related. <J, in 



*21 



