MNIOTILTID.E: AMERICAN WARBLERS. 



331 



Fig. 189. — Kirtlaud's Warbler. 



black ; eyelids mostly white. Under parts clear yellow, wliitening on crissum, the breast with 

 small spots and sides with short streaks of black ; greater and middle wing-coverts, quills, and 

 tail-feathers edged with white ; two 

 outer tail-feathers white- blotched 

 on inner web. Length 5.50; wing 

 2.80 ; tail 2.70. Adult 9 : Upper 

 parts dull bluish-gray, obscured 

 with brownish on hind neck and 

 back, marked with heavy blackish 

 streaks on whole back ; crown and 

 upper tail-coverts with fine black 

 shaft-lines. Sides of head and neck 

 like upper parts, with darkened 

 lores and whitish eye-ring. Wing- 

 quills dusky, with slight whitish 

 edging of both webs ; coverts like 

 back, but with large blackish cen- 

 tral field, and whitish edging and tipping, forming two inconspicuous wing-bars. Tail-feathers 

 like wing-quills, only the outermost one having a small white blotch. Entire under parts dull 

 yellow, brighter on breast, paler on throat and belly, washed with brownish on sides, with a 

 slight necklace of brownish dots across fore breast (as in Wilsonia canadensis) ; these spots 

 stronger on sides of breast, whence lengthening into streaks on sides and flanks ; a few small 

 sharp scratches of the same nearly across lower breast. Under tail-coverts white, unmarked. 

 Bill and feet black. Length about 5,60; wing 2.60; tail 2.30; bill 0.40; tarsus 0.80. East- 

 ern U. S. and Bahama Isls., the rarest of all the Warblers ; only 20 U. S. specimens have thus 

 far been taken, in Minn., Wise, Mich., Mo., Ind., 111., Ohio, Va., S. C, and 55 in the Baha- 

 mas. The relationships appear to be with dominica, gracice, and adelaidce. Nest and eggs 

 still unknown in 1899: see especially Auk, Oct., 1898, pp. 289-293, pi. iv, and Jan., 1899, 

 p. 81. 



D. palina'rum. (Lat. palmariim, of the palms ; gen. pi. of jyalma, a palm.) Yellow 

 IvKD-PoLL Wakbler. Palm Warbler. Adult (J, in spring: Brownish-olive; rump and 

 upper tail-coverts brighter yellowish-olive ; back obsoletely streaked with dusky ; croion 

 chestnut ; superciliary line and most under parts rich yellow, breast and sides with reddish- 

 brown streaks, somewhat as in the Summer Warbler; a dusky h)ral line running through eye; 

 no white iving-bars, the wing-coverts and inner quills being edged with yellowish-brown ; tail 

 spots at very end of inner webs of two outer pairs of tail-feathers only, and cut squarely off — a 

 })eculiarity distinguishing the species in any plumage. 9 ""'t particularly difl'erent from $. 

 Young : An obscure object, brownish above like a young Yellow-rump, but upper tail-coverts 

 yell(nvi.sh-olive, and under tail-coverts apt to show quite bright yellow in contrast with the 

 dingy yellowish-white or brownish-white of other under parts; pectoral and lateral streaks 

 obscm-e; crown generally showing chestnut traces ; but in any plumage, known by absence of 

 white wing-bars and peculiarity of tail-spots. Length 5.00-5.25; extent about 8.00; wing 

 2.50 ; tail 2.25 ; tarsus 0.75. The Palm Warbler (including its alleged var. hrjpochrysea) is 

 abundant in eastern North America, especially in the interior; N. to Labrador, Hudson's 

 Bay, Fort Restdution, etc. ; breeds only beyond the U. S., excepting (hypochrysea) in Maine. 

 Nest on the ground ; peculiar in this respect in the genus, as fiir as known (excepting some 

 instances of groundne.^ting of D. striata) ; eggs not peculiar. When the bird is migrating it 

 is usually found in fields, along hedgerows and roadsides, with Yellow-rumps and Sparrows ; 

 the most terrestrial species of the genus, often recalling a Titlark ; migrates early in spring, 

 and remains in ftill latest of any, except the Yellow-rump, being observed at both these seasons 



