336 .S' y STEM A TIC SYNOPSIS. — PA SSERES — OSCIXES. 



with olive; under mandible and feet pale. Length abont 5.50; extent 8.50-9.00; wing 2.75- 

 3.00 ; tail 2.00 ; tarsus 0.80. In spring males the ash of head and throat is quite pure and 

 very dark, almost black on breast; then the resemblance to G. lihUadelphia is close; but in 

 the latter the wings are little if any longer than the tail. The 9 is not always distinguishable 

 from the $ ; but the top of the head is less purely ash, being tinged with olivaceous, and the 

 sides of the head, the chin, and throat, are light gray or even whitish. In most specimens of 

 both sexes in the tall the upper parts from bill to tail are nearly uniform olive, and the ash of 

 the throat is pale. Young of the year resemble the adult 9 > 1^"t are more dingy brownish ; 

 and the species lacks any very strong or decided markings, except the $ in full plumage. 

 Eastern U. S. and adjoining British Provinces ; known to breed in Ontario and Manitoba, and 

 to reach northern S. Am. in winter ; not commonly observed in spring ; abounding in fall in 

 some localities (whence the name of the subgenus Oporoniis from Gr. oTrw/ja, opora, autunm, 

 and opvis, oniis, a bird); a shy, fugitive inhabitant of brusliwood and thickets. Nest on 

 ground, as usual in this genus; eggs 0.75 X 0.52; white, dotted and spotted witli reddish and 

 darker brown and with neutral tints. 



(Sttbgenus Geothlypis.) 

 O. philaderphia. (To the city of brotherly love; Gr. (piXeo), j)Ml€0, I love; ahf\(l)6^, 

 (uMphos, brother. Fig. ]93.) MOURNING Warbler. Crape Warbler. Adult ^ 9 , i» 

 ^^^^^^^^ spring : Bright olive, below clear yellow ; on the head 



^^^^^^^^^^^^ the olive passes insensibly into ash ; in high plumage 



^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^k^ of ^ tlic and breast black ; but generally ash, 



|^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^9||^k. showing black the feathers being black veiled 



^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ with ash, producing a peculiar appearance suggestive 



^^^^^^HH^^^^^^ of the bird's wearing crape ; wings and tail unmarked, 



|^^^j^™7^^^^r glossed with olive ; under mandible and feet flesh -color ; 



m' ' L«r no white about eijes in iuh\\t ^ . Young, and generally 



^ ><^H||||^p^ fall specimens : Ash of fore parts veiled witli olive; sides 



^^^ and across breast quite olivaceous, leaving only central 



line of under parts yellow ; blackish-ash of jugulum 

 Fio. 193. — Mourning Warbler. (L. A. veiled by bright yellow tips of the feathers; eyelids 

 "^^ ^^'' brownish-yellow. Young birds have little or no ash on 



head, and no black on throat, thus resembling agilis 9 »nd young. The Mourning Warbler 

 is very closely related indeed to the Connecticut Warbler ; taking sex for sex and season for 

 season, the changes of plumage are quite correspondent; but the two species are of course dis- 

 tinguishable by their subgeneric characters : observe shortness and rounding of wing in Phila- 

 delphia, as compared with its length and pointedness in agilis, in either case as relative to 

 length of tail. Length 5.25-5.50 ; extent 7.50-8.00 ; wing 2.25-2.50 ; tail 2.00-2.25 ; tarsus 

 0.80. Eastern N. Am., W. to Kansas and Dakota, rare in most localities in the Atlantic 

 States, but abundant in the Mississippi Valley ; migratory; no record of wintering in the U. S-; 

 breeds chiefly in the northernmost tier of States and along the British border, but farther S. 

 in mountainous portions of New England, New York, and Pennsylvania; S. in winter to 

 Cent, and S. Am. ; accidental in Greenland. Nidificatit)n like that of G. trichas ; eggs not 

 distinguishable. 



G. tol'miei. (To Dr. Wm. Eraser Tolmie, surgeon and chief factor H. B. Co., whom J. K. 

 Townsend met on the Columbia in 1834.) Tolmie's Warbler. Macgillivray's War- 

 bler. Adult ^ 9 '■ Upper parts, including exposed surfaces of wings and tail, clear olive- 

 green ; below, bright yellow, shaded with olive on the sides. Head and neck all around, 

 throat, and fore breast, clear ashy ; eyelids tvhite; loral region dusky or quite black, the throat 

 with blackish centres to the feathers, veiled by their gray skirting. Upper mandible blackish ; 



