MNIOTILTID.E: AMERICAN WARBLERS. 337 



iindfr mandible and feet flesh-colored or pale yellowish. Size of G. Philadelphia exactly. 

 Seasonal and sexual diflerences those of G. philudelphiu, of which it is the Western represen- 

 tative, differing in having white eyelids and black lores, and in never showing a decided black 

 patch on the breast, which is conspicuous in the highly pluniaged $ of the other form ; but 

 thus closely resembling 9 Philadelphia, which normally shows a whitish eye-ring, and has not 

 the breast black. Middle and Western Provinces of the U. S., E. to the limit of trees on the 

 plains, N. to British Columbia; abundant, migratory; breeds throughout its U. S. range; win- 

 ters beyond, in L. Cala., Mexico, and Cent. Am. to the U. S. of Colombia. Nest and eggs as 

 in others of the genus. G. macgilUcrayi of most authors, as of all former eds. of the Key ; but 

 Sijlvia tolnuei J. K. Towns., Journ. Phila. Acad., viii, pt. 1, read Apr. 1839 (vol. pub. 1840), 

 j)p. 149 and 159, and Narr., Apr. 1839, p. ^343, has a few months' priority over Syhia macgil- 

 Ucraiji Aud., Orn. Biog., v, June, 18:39, p. 7.5, folio pi. :399 : see Stone, Auk, Jan. 1899, p. 81 ; 

 A. 0. U. Suppl. List, ibid., p. 122. 



O. trich'as. (Gr. Tpt^aft Qiii^e of some bird in Aristotle. Fig. 194.) Ykllow-throated 

 Gkound Warbler. Maryland Yellow-throat. Black-masked Warbler. $, in 

 summer : Upper parts rich olive, inclining to grayish on head, brightest on rump. Wings and 

 tail brown, edged with color of back. Chin, throat, and breast, 

 with under wing- and tail-coverts, rich yellow. Middle under 

 parts dull whitish, shaded on sides. A broad black mask on front 

 and sides of head, bordered behind by hoary-ash. Bill black; 

 feet flesh -colored. Length 4.7.5-5.00; extent 6.50-6.90 ; wing 

 1.90-2.10; tail liardly more; tarsus 0.7.5. 9> in summer : Rather 

 smaller; yellow of under parts paler and more restricted ; no black 

 or ashy markings on head, but crown usually with some concealed 



,,. , , r. , ■ J -1 /i. 1 11 r 1 1 Fio. 104. — Mar>-land Yellow. 



reddish-brown. Otherwise top and sides of head like back, with throat, cf, nat. size. (Ad. uat. 

 .some obscure whitishness about lores and orbits. Young: Simi- del. E. C; 

 lar to adult 9 , but the olive of upper parts with much of a brownish tinge, the yellow parts 

 and, in fact, most of the under parts, quite buflfy. The adults, in fall and winter, are similar 

 to each other, except in the purer and stronger yellow of the <J, as at that season the peculiar 

 black and ashy markings of the head are wanting. Both sexes then resemble the autumnal 

 plumage of the young in the bnjwner shade of the olive and buflSness of the under parts. 

 Easteni U. S. and British Provinces, N. to Labrador, W. in the Mississippi Valley; breeds 

 throughout most of this range; winters from the S. Atlantic and Gulf States southward to the 

 We.st Indies, Eastern Mexico, and Central America, but is occa.sionally found at this season N. to 

 Massachusetts. An abundant and familiar inhabitant of shrubbery and underbrush, the same- 

 ness of which is enlivened by its sprightly pre.seuce and hearty song throughout the summer 

 months. Nest on the ground or near it, usually carefully concealed, of large size and built of 

 any rubbish ; eggs 4-6, usually 0.60-0.70 long by 0..50-0..55, white, rather sparingly sprinkled, 

 and mostly at the large end, with several shades of brown : but the markings, like the size and 

 shape of the egtrs, are very variable. 



G. t. occidenta'lis. (Lat., of the Occident or setting sun, i. e., we.stern.) Western Yellow- 

 throat. Like the last ; appearing somewhat larger, owing to longer tail ; upper parts lighter, 

 the olivaceous having a more yellowish hue, and the hoary ash of cap paler and more extended ; 

 under parts ricli yellow, extending over the belly and sometimes farther ; the shading of the 

 flanks ochraceous rather than olivaceous. Wing and tail each about 2.30, Western N. Am., 

 Missi.«sippi Valley to the Pacific, British Columbia in summer to Central Am. in winter. This 

 is a fairly well-marked form, which .should have appeared in all the previous eds. of the Key. 

 More than .'JO years ago I named it G. hypochryseuH in a monograph of the genus which was 

 never publi-shed, but subsequently overlooked it. The extensive bright yellow of the under 

 parts is a good feature, and the tail averages 0.25 longer than that of average trichas. Brews- 



22 



