TA r^A GR ID.E : TA NA GER S. 



349 



a change which I am perfectly willing to follow, now that it has been made and generally 

 adopted by other writers. 



P. r. coo'peri. (To Dr. J. G- Cooper, of California.) Cooper's Tanager. Western 

 Summer Redbird. Characters of P. rubra; back rather darker than head; larger; length 

 about 8.00; extent about 13.00; wing 4.25; tail 3.60; bill 0.75; tarsus 0.80. Southern 

 Rocky Mt. region; Texas to Lower Colorado Valley, Cal., and southward; originally based 

 as a full species, Pi/ranga cooperi, upon $ 9 specimens which I shot at Los Pinos, N. M., oa 

 the Rio Grande, iu June, 1864; P. cestica cooperi of all previous eds. of the Key; Pirtmga 

 rubra cooperi Ridgw., Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, p. 354 ; A. O. U. Lists, No. 610 a. 

 P. hepa'tica. (Lat. hepar, hepatis, the liver.) Hepatic Tanager. Adult ^ : Upper 

 parts brownish-ashy, intimately mixed with dull red ; top of head, upper tail-coverts, and 

 edgings of wings and tail, brighter brownish-red. Inner webs and ends of wing-quills dusky ; 

 tail-feathers throughout decidedly tinged with red. Sides of head like back ; edges of eyelids red. 

 Below, bright red; sides and Hanks shaded with color of back, many feathers often also with 

 ashy skirting. Bill and feet blackish-plumbeous, the cutting edge of the upper mandible fur- 

 nished with a tooth more prominent than iu most species (fig. 205). Length about 8.00; 

 wing 4.00 ; tail 3.33 ; bill 0.66 ; tarsus 0.80. Adult 9 : Bill and feet as in <?. Upper parts 

 greenish-olive, with an ashy-gray tinge ; crown and rump clearer and more yellowish-olive. 

 Sides of head like back. Beneath, yellow, clear and nearly pure medially, shaded on sides 

 with color of back, sometimes brightening almost into orange on throat. Quills and tail 

 fuscous, with olivaceous-yellow edgings, former darker than latter. Young ^ : Like 9 ! in 

 males changing, the characters of the two sexes confused. Very young : There is an earlier 

 streaky stage, before the assumption of a plumage like that of 9 • Upper parts grayish-brown 

 with an olive tinge; lower parts graj'ish- white with a yellowish shade; both everywhere 

 streaked with dusky. Wings and tail like those of adult 9 > but former with ochraceous 

 bands across ends of greater and middle coverts. Southern Rocky Mt. region and southward 

 to Guatemala. Pyranga hepatica Swainson, Philos. Mag., i, 1827, p. 438, and of former 

 eds. of the Key. 



P. ludovioia'na. (Lat., of Louisiana, formerly of great extent in the West ; name now iuap- 

 plicable. Fig. 206.) Crimson-headed Tanager. Adult J: Middle of back, wings, and tail 

 black ; wings crossed by two 

 yellow or yellowish-white bars 

 on ends of greater and middle 

 coverts ; inner secondaries 

 marked with white or yellowish. 

 Head all around scarlet or even 

 criuLSon, the color extending 

 diluted on breast. Other parts 

 bright yellow, generally purest 

 on rump. Iris brown ; bill horn- 

 color ; legs livid bluish. Length 

 about 7.00; wing 3.50-4.00; 

 tail 2.7.5-3.25 ; bill 0.60; tarsus 

 0.75. Adult 9 : Above, olive, 

 darker and somewhat ashy- 

 shaded on middle of back, 

 clearer and briirhter on rump 

 and crown. Below, greenish- Fio. 200. - Crimson-headed Tanager. 



yellow, shaded with olive on sides. Wings and tail fuscous, with edgings of color of upper 

 parts ; greater and median coverts tipped with white or yellowish ; inner secondaries edged with 



