FRINGILLID.E: FINCHES, BUNTINGS, SPARROWS. 375 



— Streaky ; no yeWovi; cf extensively rcrf,- 9 <l'irk and white. Ji\\\ turgid. (E. and W. U. S.) 



Cnrpoihwus 



— Streaky, with dusky or flaxeu-brown and wliite ; crown crimson. Bill acute. (Boreal.) 



Acanthis 



— (SVreaiy everywhere ; ?(o red or pure black, some yf^'o"'"'''- 'BiiX acute, {pinus.) (N.Am.) 



Spinus 



— much ye'Wou', wings and tail i/acA-; ?! 9 red. Bill moderate. (N.Am.) . . Astragalinu.t 



— JV'o/ streaky ; ?-erf, black and gold. (Imported.) Carduelis 



Bill ivithout ruff ; nostrils exposed. 



Hind claw lengthened, ^/m/p/i/en^f/. — Bill moderate; (f with a colored cervical collar; oblique white on tail. 



(N. and W. N. A.) Calcarius 



— Bill turgid ; no cervical collar: transver.se white on tail. (Western.) 



Mhynchophanes 

 Hind and for3 claws lengthened ; all much curved ; inner reaching at least J way to end of middle one — 



— Spotted and streaked foxy or slaty sparrows, about 7.00 (or more) long. (N. Am.) . Passerella 



— Black, white and chestnut, in masses. (A Western species of) Pipilo 



Hind and fore claws not peculiar. 



Length 4.50 or te.s. — {f Black and white, $ olivaceous and yellowish. (Texas.) Sporophila 



(J Greenish blackening on head, 5 greenish. (Florida.) Euetheia 



Length 7.50 or more. — Tail longer than wings. Plain brown, etc., or black, white, and chestnut. (U. S.) 



Pipilo 

 — Tail shorter than wings, (f breast rose or orange ; § sulphur or saffron under wings. 



(U. S.) Zamelodia 



Length over i.m, under 7.50. 



Colors green ish — with yellow — on edge of wing, and — 2 rufous crown-stripes. (Texas. ) A rremon ops 



— Crown chestnut, breast ashy. (Western.) 



Oreospisa 

 — on all under parts — no head markings. ( $ of a southern species of) 



Cyanospiza 

 Colors 7wi greenish, and 7iot extensively and decidedly spotted or streaked. 



Black, with great u:hite wing-patch ; longest secondary about = longest primary. (Western.) 



Calamospiiza 

 Blue with rhest7iut onwings, ^f ; plain browni, $; over COO long. (U. S.) . . . . Guiraca 

 Blue, with red, purple, gold, wliite, or not, (f ; brown, with white or not, $ ; under 6.00 



long. (N. Am.) Cyanospiza 



5/a<e or ashy, red-backed or not, belly and 1-3 tail-feathers ?('Aae. (N.Am.) . . . Junco 

 dray, throat and tail black, head with 2 white stripes, belly white. (Western.) Amphispiza 

 Colors not greenish, but somewhere or everywhere spotted or streaked. 



Inner secondaries lengthened, about equalling primaries in the closed wing. 



Alarge udiite tcing-patch. Upper parts much streaked. ( $ of ) .... Calamospiza 



Bend of wing chestnut'; outer tail-feather irhite; no yellow anywhere. (N. Am.) Pocecetes 

 i\'o white or chestnut area on wing, its edge (usually) 2/e//o«uA. (N.Am.) . . Pa.'-serculus 

 Inner secondaries not enlarged ; wing decidedly longer than tail. 



Edge of wing and loral spot yellow; breast buff ; wing 2.50 or under. 



Ammndramus (Coturniciilus) 

 With ?/e//o!r on breast, edge of wing, over eye ; 6/flcA; throat-patch or stripes. (Eastern.) Spiza 

 No yellow ; head striped with black, white, and chestnut; tail black, white-tipped. (Western.) 



Chondestes 



No yellow; wings wM<"-6orred; throat black, cf. (Imported.) Passer 



Inner secondaries not enlarged ; wing not, or not decidedly, longer than tail. 



Tail-feathers — very acute; bill — very slender. (Eastern, chiefly maritime.) ( Ammodramus 



— very .'itout (Eastern. ) or slender (Interior.) I (Coturniculus) 



— not acute; tail — forked. Length G.OO or less ; 7io yellow on wing. (N. Am.) 



Spizella 

 — rounded — black; edge of wing yellowisli. (Western.) 



Amphi.'ipiza 

 — not black. — Streaked below, or crown chestnut. 



(N. Am.) Melospiza 



— not streaked below. (S. and W. U.S.) 

 edge of wing — yellow . Peuccea 

 — not yellow 



Hcemophila 

 or (N. Am. ) large G.50-7.50 



Zonolrichia 



*#* The commonest " Sparrows " of Eastern U. S., which the student will be most likely to find first, belong to the 

 genera Passer, Spizella, Melospiza, Xonotrichia, Passerella, Pa.■<.^<erculus, Poivcete.t, Coturniculus (these anywhere), Am- 

 modramus{ma,Tshea only) ; common but more distinguished Friugillines are Carpodacus, Asiragalinus, Cyanospiza, Spiza, 



