FRINGILLID.E: FINCHES, BUNTINGS, SPARROWS. 



379 



p. e. flam'mula. (lyM. JhiDimtila, a little flame, or other small red thing; dimin. oi flamma, 

 a flame, lilaze, tire.) Kadiak Pine Grosbeak. ''Smaller than P. e. canadensis, with pro- 

 portioually much larger bill aud shorter tail." Length given as 8.00-8.50; wing 4.25-4.60 ; 

 tail 3.60-3.80 ; culmen 0.60 ; tarsus 0.90. Kadiak to Sitka, Alaska. P. flammula Homeyer, 

 J. f. 0. 1880, p. 156. P. e. flammula, A. 0. U. Suppl. List, Auk, Jan. 1899, p. 114, 

 No. 515 (I. P. e. kodiaca Ridgw., Man. 1887, p. 388. Included with all the others in former 

 eds. of the Key. 



PYR'RHULA. (Lat. |jy/7-7i»?rt, a bullfinch.) Bi'llfixches. Generic characters of P/»/co?a 

 as above given ; the diflerent shape of the bill and diflerent style of coloration being the prin- 

 cipal distinction. Bill as wide at base as long, 

 its under outline twice concave. Colors in 

 masses of black, white or gray, and red. 

 P. cas'siui. (To John Cassin. Fig. 238.) 

 Cassin's Bullfinch. Adult ^ : Above, clear 

 ashy-gray ; below, paler ashy-gray ; rump and 

 under wing- and tail-coverts white ; wings, tail, 

 crown, chin, and face, black ; greater wing- 

 coverts broadly tipped with whitish ; bill black ; 

 feet dusky. Length 6.50 ; wing 3.50 ; tail 3.25. 

 In less perfect plumage, some of the tail-feath- 

 ers are patched with white, and there may be 



some white edging of the primaries. The lesser F'S- 238. -Cassin's Bullfinch, reduced. (Fi-om Baird.) 

 and median wing-coverts are like the back, contrasting with the greater coverts. The 9 

 closely resembles the ^ , but has the under parts tinged with cinnamon. Nulato, Alaska, a stray 

 from E. Siberia; the type specimen marked ^, but having all the characters c>f a 9 ! nearly 

 related to P. coccinea of Asia (especially its subspecies Kamtschatica), and originally described 

 as a variety of that species ; identical with P. cineracea Cab., J. f. O. 1872, p. 316, and with 

 P. cineracea pallida Seebohm, Ibis, 1887, p. 101. 



PAS'SER. (Lat. passer, a sparrow ; this very species.) Sparrows. Form stout and 

 stocky. Bill very stout, shaped somewhat as in Carpodacus, but without nasal ruff. Culmen 

 curved : commissure little angulated ; gonys convex, ascending ; lateral outlines of bill bulging 



to near end. Wing pointed; 1st, 2d, 

 and 3d primaries nearly equal and long- 

 est ; 4th little shorter, rest graduated ; 

 inner secondaries not elongate. Tail 

 shorter than wings, nearly even. Feet 

 small ; tarsus about equal to middle toe 

 aud claw; lateral toes of equal lengths, 

 their claws not reaching to base of mid- 

 dle claw. Sexes unlike. $ with black 

 and chestnut on head. Middle of back 

 only streaked. Old World : two species 

 naturalized in North America, out of the 

 26 which compose this genus. 

 P. domes'ticus. (Lat. domesticus, do- 

 mestic. Figs. 239, 240.) The Spar- 

 row. Philip Sparrow. House 

 Sparrow. Parasite. Tramp. 

 Hoodlum. Gamin. Adult ^ : Up- 

 oldly streaked with black and bay. A 



Fio. 239. —English Sparrow. (L. A. Fuertes.) 



per parts ashy-gray ; middle of back and scapulars 1 



