SYSTEMA TIC SYXOPSLS. —PASSERES— OSCINES. 



Analysis of Adult Males. 



Whole head and throat black ; Delly white ; bill yellow ; feet black lapponicus and alascensis 



Crown black ; whole under parts fawn-colored ; feet flesh-colored pictus 



Crown black ; throat white ; belly black or mahogany ; feet dark ornatus 



C. lappon'icus. (Lat. lapponicus, of Lapponia, Lapp-land. Figs. 43, 264.) Lapland 

 LONGSPUR. $ , iu full dress (seldom seen in U. S.) : Whole head, throat and breast jet-black, 



bordered with buffy or whitish, which forms a 

 postociilar stripe separating black of crown 

 from that of sides of head, sometimes contin- 

 ued to bill. A broad cervical chestnut collar, 

 separated from black cap by whitish or buffy 

 line and nuchal spot. Upper parts brownish- 



■ ^^^^ ^.&c;*KJE?- ■ -^^ black completely streaked with buff or whit- 



m^^^ "^^^^ ^l^^ SSs^^ ^^^^ '^'^^ edges of the feathers ; under parts white, 



\ . ^^& ^^^fe~^^^^^^^^^&f^ ^^^ sides streaked with black. Wings dusky, 



I^W^^g. "■ -, :^r-^ ."""'"' ^S~^ ~~.^^ ^__ with pale or brownish edgings of the feathers, 



^ ^ ^' - — ^ _ -' -~ ijut QQ Strong markings. Tail like wings, 



with large oblique white spaces on outer 3 

 feathers. Bill yellow, black-tipped. Legs 

 and feet black. Length about 6.50; extent 

 1L25; wing 3.50-3.75; tail 2.50-2.75; tar- 

 sus 0.75 ; jniddle toe and claw rather more ; 

 ?. '2C4. — Lapland Longspur, in summer, reduced hind chiw about 0.50, slender, sharp, and little 

 (Sheppard del. Nichols sc.) ^^^,.^g^_ Adult ^, in winter : The black hood 



overcast with brown or gray tips of the feathers, or otherwise imperfect. Chestnut collar also 

 overlaid with gray. Edges of secondaries and wing-coverts ruddy-brown ; sides of flanks 

 washed with brown. White tail-spots less extensive. Yellow of bill obscured. 9» i>i breed- 

 ing plumage: Upper parts of body, wings and tail, as in $. No continuous pure black on 

 sides of head, chin, or throat. Cervical collar indicated, but dull and obscured. Black of 

 crown overlaid with gray ; superciliary and postocular stripe buffy ; sides of head blackish, 

 overlaid with gray; throat similarly varied, but chin nearly white; on the whole, the pattern 

 of J"s black hood clearly indicated, but interrupted and ill-defined. Sides of breast and belly 

 with few small sharp dark streaks, instead of heavy black stripes ; other under parts as in J. 

 Bill obscure yellowish, dusky-tipped ; feet dark brown, not black. Rather smaller. $ 9 , 

 young, in winter, as usually seen in U. S., without any continuous black, resemble adult 9 

 as to coloration of head and fore parts, and are like winter $ in other i-espects. The cervical 

 collar may be scarcely appreciable, but usually shows a trace at least ; sides often quite brown. 

 Fledglings : Continuously streaked on upper and fore parts with blackish and brownish-yellow ; 

 wings and tail broadly edged with chestnut ; bill dark ; feet pale. A species of circumpolar 

 distribution, like P. nivalis ; breeding range and winter rovings much the same, but less com- 

 monly observed in the U. S. South irregularly to the Middle States, Ohio, Kansas, Colorado, 

 etc., casually to South Carolina. Nesting like that of P. nivalis ; eggs 4-6, 0.80 X 0.62, 

 dark-colored, very heavily mottled and clouded witli cliocolate-brown, througli wliicli the 

 greenish-gray ground scarcely appears. 



C. 1. alascen'sis. (Lat. of Alaska.) Alaskan Longspur. Like the last; paler, especially iu 

 winter: in summer, upper parts with a ground color of light grayish-brown with little if any 

 rusty tinge, even on wings, and the black streaks narrow. Alaska, including Aleutian and 

 Prybilov Islands, E. to Fort Simpson, S. in winter to Kansas, Colorado, and Nevada. Included 



