frixgillidjE: finches, buntings, sparrows. 405 



Bill of size and shape as iu P. hairdi exactly ; inner secondaries little lengthened. Outstretched 

 feet not reaching to end of tail. In color almost exactly as iu P. rostratiis, hut difl'ereut iu 

 markings ; ahove light ashy, the dorsal feathers hght saudy-hrown centrally, their shafts hlack. 

 Surface of wings pale sandy-brown, the feathers darker-centred ; inner secondaries with whitish 

 outer webs, and conspicuous black central field. Crown becoming darker brown anteriorly, 

 where an indistinct median line of ochrey-white ; an indistinct superciliary stripe, and conspic- 

 uous maxillary stripe of the same, the latter bordered above by a narrow dusky stripe ; lores 

 and cheeks like the superciliary stripe; auriculars like crown. Below, white, slightly ashy on 

 flanks; whole breast and sides of body with narrow streaks of blackish -centred sandy-brown; 

 belly, crissuni, and lining of wings immaculate; throat with a few minute specks, but on each 

 side a bridle of suifuse streaks. ^ : Wing2.9U; tail 2.40; culmen 0..50 ; tarsus 0.8,5. (Follow- 

 ing notes taken by me of a specimen received from Maynard ; 9 > Ipswich, Oct. 18, 1872, 

 No. 73,553, Mus. S. I. : About size of largest P. sandicichensis from Alaska. No trace of 

 yellow i>n head or wing. Upper parts even paler and grayer than extreme of P. cdaudinus 

 from the West — the streaks of upper paits having only shaft-lines of blackish-brown, brown- 

 edged, the edges of the feathers finally gray ; nape, rump, and upper tail-coverts gray, scarcely 

 streaked at all. Crown streaked like interscapulars, but in smaller pattern ; divided by a me- 

 dian light line. A long whitish (not yellowish) superciliary line ; lore gray below this. Inner 

 secondaries and greater coverts blackish, broadly edged on outer webs with bay, fading to 

 whitish at tips ; median coverts similar, but more noticeably whitish -tipped; these edgiugs of 

 wing-feathers making the strongest coloration of all the upper parts. Below, white ; throat 

 and ndddle of belly only immaculate, flanks a little shaded with gray ; whole breast, sides of 

 neck and body, and crissum, with brown streaks, pale in comparison with those of P. savanna, 

 and rather suffuse. On the sides of head below auriculars the stripes tend to form two chains 

 — a uuixillary one and another above it separated by an immaculate interval.) The breeding 

 plumage shows yellow on the superciliary line anteriorly and on bend of the wing. This curious 

 Sparrow was originally discovered on the sand hills of the Massachusetts coast in Dec. 1868, by 

 C. J. Maynard. It was at first mistaken for P. (c.) hairdi, to which it bears no special resem- 

 blance (see Am. Nat. 1869, p. 554 and p. 631 ; 1872, p. 307; Naturalist's Guide, p. 112, with 

 frontispiece plate; Key, orig. ed. 1872, p. 1.35). The range of the species was long a mystery ; 

 it is now known to be a local form, breeding on Sable Island, SQ miles from Nova Scotia, and 

 ranging in migration along the Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia to Georgia. Its peculiar char- 

 acters have been developed in direct ccmsequence of its insular environment in the breeding 

 season. For full history, synonymy, bibliography, de- 

 scription of breeding plumage, see DwiciiiT, Mem. Nutt. 

 Orn. Club, No. 2, Aug. 1895, 4to, pp. 56, colored plate. 

 Eggs 4-5, 0.80 X 0.60, colored like those of the com- 

 mon species. (P. j)rinceps Mayx. Am. Nat. vi, 1872, 

 p. 637; Ammodramus prineeps Ridgw. Pr. U. S. 

 Nat :\rus. viii, 1885, p. 354; A. (P.) princepa, A. 0. U. 

 Lists, 1886 and 1895. No. 541.) 



P. sanrtwichen'sis. (Of the Sandwicli, one of the 

 Aleutian Islands. Fig. 269.) Sandwich Si'ARKOw. 

 Similar to tlie ordinary Savanna Sparmw; averaging 

 in size about the maximum <>f tlic latter: length about 

 6.00; wing .3.00; tail 2.25; <Mihiiru 0.45; depth of 



bill at base 25 ; tarsus, and middle toe and claw, 



1 rv ^r, i.-i, 1 . 1 ,. 1 ,. 1- Fio. 2C0. - Sandwich Sparrow, 



each O.HU. Hill nearly twice as bulky as that ot ordi- 

 nary savanna. A firm bright yellow superciliary stripe from nostril to eye, thence fading over 

 auriculars (i.e., chrysops Pall.). Under parts precisely as in savanna; upper similar, but 



