FRINGILLID.E: FINCHES, BUNTINGS, SPARROWS. 433 



extends S. through Arizuna and New Mexico, even into northern Mexico. It was among sev- 

 eral species of Snowbirds I took at Fort Whipple in Arizona in the winter of 1805-66. 

 J. ridg'wayi. (To E,. Ridgway.) Ridgway's Snowbird. Mearns' Junco. " Above 

 similar to J. cmiiceps; below indistinguishable from J. annectens." The adult ^ is said to 

 liave the outer webs of inner tertiaries tinged with rufous ; outer tail-feather white, next white 

 except a dusky line along each edge, third with a long white terminal stripe nearly confined to 

 the inner web. Bill fiesh color, slightly tipped with bhick. Feet and claws light brown. The 

 specific character is given as above by its describer, Dr. E. A. Mearns, U. S. A., in The Auk, 

 Oct. 1890, p. 243; type taken at Fort Whipple, April 22, 1884; range extended in A. 0. U. 

 List, 2d ed. 1895, No. 568. 1, to include New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. (Not in 

 former eds. of the Key.) J. annectens A. 0. U. Suppl. List, Jan. 1897. 

 J. town'sendi. (To Chas. H. Townsend.) San Pedro Snowbird. C. H. Townsend's 

 Junco. " Similar to J. annectens, but diftering in smaller size, darker gray of the head, neck, 

 and chest, the back less brown and the sides less extensively pinkish." Bill flesh color, as in 

 all the foregoing and in caniceps; iris brown. San Pedro Mts., Lower California, where ap- 

 parently resident and difi'erentiated as a species. Anthony, Proc. Cala. Acad. 2d ser. Oct. 

 1889, p. 76; A. O. U. List, 2d ed. 1895, No. 57L 1 ; /. h. townsendi of the Key, 4th ed. 1890, 

 p. 900. 



J. ca'niceps. (Lat. caniceps, gray-headed; caniis, gray.) Gray'-headed Snowbird. 

 Woodiiouse's Junco. Clear ash, purest on head, paler below, and fading gradually into 

 white on belly ; interscapulars abruptly, definitely, chestnut or rusty-brown ; lores black- 

 ish ; bill flesh color ; iris brown ; no fulvous wash on sides ; no chestnut on wings. Rather 

 larger than /iie»i«fe; length nearly 7.00 ; wing over 3.00; tail about 3.00. The sexual and 

 seasonal changes are not so well marked as in the heavily-colored hiemalis and oregonus, but 

 parallel as far as they go. Very young birds are streaked, like all the rest. Eggs 0.80 X 

 0.00, white or whitish, specked with reddish-brown, usually minutely and chiefly about the 

 larger end. Rocky Mts. of the U. S., from Wyoming southward to Mexico; Wahsatch and 

 Uintah Mts. 



J. phaeono'tus dorsa'Iis. (Gr. (f)ai6s, pliaios, of a dun color ; vcotos, notos, back. Lat. dor- 

 salis, pertaining to the back; dorsum, the back.) Red-backed Snowbird. Henry's Junco. 

 Characters in general of caniceps; but with the bill black and yellow, as in palliatus, and iris 

 yellow. In this case the reddish of the back is confined to the interscapulars, not spreading 

 over the wings, as in palliatus. Eggs whitish, with a greenish tinge, immaculate or with only 

 minute reddish-brown sprinkling about the larger end. Mountains of New Mexico and Ari- 

 zona, and S. into Mexico. This is J. dorsalis of Henry, 1858, long considered a synonym of 

 caniceps ; but it is one form of a distinct Mexican species, J. phceonotus of Wagler, 1831 (or 

 Fringilla cinerea Swains. 1827, which name is preoccupied). It is also J. h. dorsalis of the 

 2d-4th eds. of the Key ; J. cinereus dorsalis A. 0. U. List, ist ed. 1886, and Ridgw. Man. 

 1887, p. 423; J. pluconotus dorsalis A. 0. U. List, 2d ed. 1895, No. 570a: see Auk, Oct. 

 1895, p. :391. 



J. p. pallia'tus. (Lat. palliatus, palliated, /. e., wearing the pallium or mantle, with allu- 

 sion to the rod(Ush which mantles the back and wings.) CINEREOUS Snowbird. Arizona 

 Junco. Like the last. Chestnut of back intense, and spreading over wing-coverts and inner 

 secondaries; upper mandible black; lower yellow; iris yellow. Eggs greenish-white, un- 

 marked. Mexico to U. S. border of Arizona. This is the form which most nearly approaches 

 in the U. S. the Mexican stock species j)h(eonotiis (or cinereus), and conducts to the Guate- 

 malan alticola. It is /. h. cinereus of the 2d-4th eds. of the Key, p. 379 ; J. cinereus palliatus 

 Ridgw. The Auk, Oct. 1885, p. 304, and Man. 1887, p. 424; A. 0. U. List, 1st ed. 1886, 

 p. 275; J. pluconotus palliatus Ridgw. The Auk, Oct. 1895, p. 391; A. 0. U. List, 2d ed. 

 1895, No. 570. 



