FRINGILLID.E: FINCHES, BUNTINGS, SPARROWS. 



439 



winters from Massachusetts southward. Fouuil in all situations, but especially in shrubbery, 

 generally in flocks, except wlien breeding; a pleasing if not brilliant songster, with its limpid 

 pea-peuhodij, peahochj, peahochj in cadence. Nest on the ground, rarely in bushes ; eggs 4-6, 

 about 0.90 X O.GO, witli the endless diversity of tone and pattern of those of the Song Spar- 

 row, from wliich only distinguished by greater size. 



Z. leuco'phrys. (Gr. Xeu/cos, leucos, white ; 6(i>pvs, ophrus, eyebrow. Fig. 294.) AVhite- 

 BUOWED Crown Sparrow. Adult $ 9 : Crown pure white, enclosing on either side a 

 broad black stripe that meets its fellow on forehead and descends lores to level tif evos, and 

 bounded by another narrow black stripe 

 that starts behind eye and curves around 

 side of hind head, nearly meeting its fel- 

 low on nape ; edge of under eyelid white. 

 Or, we may say, crown black, enclosing a 

 median white stripe and two lateral white 

 stripes, all confluent on hind head. No 

 yellow anywhere. General color a fine 

 dark ash, paler below, whitening insen- 

 sibly on chin and belly, more brownish on 

 rump, changing to dull brownish on flanks 

 and crissum, middle of back streaked with 

 dark purplish-bay and ashy-white. No 

 bright bay, like that of albicolUs, any- 

 where, except some edging on wing- 

 coverts and inner secondaries ; middle 

 and greater coverts tipped with white, 

 forming two bars. Bill and feet reddisli. 

 Length G.25-7.00 ; extent 9.20-J0.20; 

 wing and tail 2.90-3.20; usually 6.75 — 9.50—3.10. Young: Black of head replaced by very 

 rich warm brown, white of head by pale brownish; the general ash has a brownish suQ'u- 

 sion, and the back is more like that of alhicollis, being streaked with dusky and ochrey- 

 brown ; but the two species cannot be confounded. Very young : Beft)re the first moult, there 

 are indications of head-markings as last described ; but whole upper parts, sides of neck and 

 fore under parts, are streaked with blackish and ochrey-brown or whitish. N. Am., esj)ecially 

 eastern and rather northerly; W. in the Rocky Mts., where mixed with intermedia ; Cali- 

 fornia; Greenland ; Cape St. Lucas ; S. in winter in Mexico. Not nearly so abundant in the 

 U. S. as albicoUis, but common in many sections in winter and during migrations. Breeds 

 occasionally in northern New England, and plentifully in Labrador, where it is one of the 

 commonest Sparrows ; also, in the Rocky Mountains, and the Sierras Nevadas. Nesting same 

 as tliat of alhicollis, and eggs indistinguishable. 



Z. 1. interme'dia. (Lat. intermedia, intermediate, in the middle.) Interxikdiate Crown 

 Sparrow. Exactly like the last, but lores gray or ashy, continuous with white stripe over eye, 

 i. e., black of forehead does not descend to eye. Perhaps averaging a trifle smaller, and duller 

 C(dored. Some specimens resemble leucophrys on one side of head, and intermedia on tiie 

 other. Rocky Mts. to the Pacific, mostly rejilacing true leucophrys from Mexico and Lower 

 California to Alaska ; breeds mainly beyond the U. S. (Z. (jamheli Bi). 1858, CouES, 1872, 

 nee NuTT.) 



Z. 1. gam'beli. (To Wm. Gambcl, of Phila.) Gambel's Crown Sparrow. Markings of 

 head much tlie same as in intermedia; body colors entirely difi'erent, almost exactly as in coro- 

 nata. Streaking of back sooty-black. Edge of wing yellow, as in coronata and alhicollis. 

 Bill in dried sjiocimens blackish and yellow, not reddish. About coronata size. Pacific coast 



Fio. 294. — White-browed Crown Sparrow, reduced, 

 pard del. Nichols sc.) 



(Shep- 



