FRINGILLIDjE: FINCHES, BUNTINGS, SPARROWS. 



455 



subsimilar. There are several species of this strildiigiy heautiful genus, as C- carneus and 

 C. phoeniceu!^, but only one of them, with several of its subspecies, occurs in our Fauna. 

 C. cardina'lis. (Figs. 310, 311.) Cardinal Grosbeak. Cardinal Redbird. Crested 

 Redbird. Virginia Redbird. Virginia Nightingale. Adult $ : Rich red, usually 

 vermilion, sometimes rosy; pure and intense on crest and under parts, darker on back, where 

 obscured with ashy-gray, as it is also on upper surfaces of wings and tail ; feathers of wings 



Fio 311 —Cardinal Gro^bt ik iii)ik i Ro',( Ijrt l•^t(.(l Gio-.beak, lower, reduced (From Breliiu ) 



-==#' x,-nr-*^ 



fuscous on inner webs. A jet-black mask on face, entirely surrounding l)ill, extending on 

 throat. Bill coral-red ; feet brown. Length 8.00-9.00; extent 11. OO-l^'.OO; wing .•3.50-4.00; 

 tail 4.25-4.75 ; billO.G7-0.75; tarsus 0.90-1 .00. 9 ratlier less : Ashy-bmwn, i>aler and some- 

 what ycUowisli-brown below, witli traces of red ; reddening much as in J on crest, wings, and 

 tail. Young ,$■. At first like 9? 1^>'t soon reddening; at an early age, bill dark. Eastern 

 U. S. southerly, seldom N. to the Connecticut Valley 

 Lakes region, and only casually finther N. ; W. to th 



lower Hudson Valley, and Great 

 Great Plains; resident in the Hermu- 



