ALAUDID/E: LARKS. 507 



S. to S. Car. ami Texas; mixed with alpestris proper in winter, and not sej)arated therefrom in 

 former eds. of tlie Key. 0. a. praticola Hensh. Auk, July, 1884, p. 264 ; Dwight, Auk, Apr. 

 1890, p. 144, area marked "3" on the map; A. 0. U. Lists, 1886 and 1895, No. 474 b. 

 O. a. leucolae'nia. (Gr. Xeuxd?, leukos, white; Xai/idy, laimos, throat.) Pallid Horxed 

 Lark. Size of typical alpestris ; J wing 4.40, etc. General coloration extremely pale — 

 Imnvuish-gray, the peculiar pinkish tint of certain parts sharing the general pallor. Black 

 markings on head and breast nmch restricted in extent, and white surroundings correspondingly 

 increased — thus, the black post-frontal bar scarcely or not broader than the white of forehead. 

 No yellow about head, excepting perhaps a slight tinge on chin. Changes of plumage parallel 

 with those already given ; even nestlings show the same decided pallor. Breeding range in 

 the interior of British America, westerly, and Alaska ; in migration scattering over western 

 U. S., mixed with arenicola and other varieties. My leucoleema was based primarily (Birds 

 N. W. 1874, p. 33) upon types I shot at Fort Randall, S. Dak., February, 1873, and extended 

 to cover pallid birds I shot in N. Dakota in summer and fall of 1873, ahmg the parallel of 49°, 

 and included breeders of arenicola ; but the name may conveniently be restricted to the present 

 form, as was done by Mr. Henshaw. 0. a. lioyti Bishop, Auk, Apr. 1896, p. 130, is considered 

 not sufficiently different from leucoleema by the A. 0. U. Committee, Auk, Jan. 1897, p. 133. 

 O. a. arenic'ola. (Lat. arena or harena, sand, a sandy place, as the arena of a Roman am- 

 phitheatre was; hence a desert; colo, I inhabit or cultivate.) Desert Horned Lark. 

 Smaller than alpestris proper; size of praticola ; $ wing 4.20 or less. Coloration pallid, as 

 in leucol(ema, but with decided yellow on throat. Breeding range extensive in western parts of 

 the U. S. on the Great Plains, in the Rocky Mountains and Great Basin, N. through N. 

 Dakota and Montana beyond 49° to the region of the Saskatchewan ; in migration S. into 

 Mexic(j, scattered about and mixed with other varieties. 0. a. leucoleema, in part, of previous 

 eds. of the Key ; 0. a. arenicola Hensh. Auk, July, 1884, p. 265 ; Dwight, Auk, Apr. 1890, 

 p. 14G, area marked " 5 " on the map ; A. 0. U. Lists, 1st and 2d eds. 1886-95, No. 474 c. 

 O. a. giraud'i. (To J. P. Giraud, the writer on 16 species of Texas birds, etc.) Giraud's 

 Horned Lark. Texan Horned Lark. Smaller still than leucoleema ; $ wing under 4.00. 

 Pallid, like leucoleema and arenicola, the back gray with very indistinct streaks, but the throat 

 bright yellow, and this color usually tingeing the breast also. A very local race, so far as 

 known, confined to E. and S. E. Texas. Alauda minor Giraud, 1841, type examined ; not in 

 any previous ed. of the Key; O. a. giraucli Hensh. Auk, July, 1884, p. 266 ; Dwight, Auk, 

 Apr. 1890, area marked " 4 " on the map; A. 0. U. Lists, 1st and 2d eds. 1886-95, No. A7Ad. 

 O. a. pallida. (Lat. pallid, pale, wan.) SoNORAN Horned Lark. Small as gircmdi ; 

 $ wing 3.75. Pallid, like the three last, but with yellow ou throat ; resembling a miniature 

 arenicola; back "very pallid," the whitish edging of the feathers evident. Another local 

 race, supposed to be confined in the breeding season to Sonora and Lower California. 

 Dwight, Auk, Apr. 1890, p. 154 (from MS. of C. H. Townsend, pub. same year in Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus. xiii, p. 138), area marked " 11." This ends the imle series, and we revert 

 to dark birds like alpestris, with the following : 



O. a. striga'ta. (Lat. striguta, marked with strigee, streaks or stripes.) Streaked Horned 

 Lark. Smaller than alpestris proper ; ^ wing 4.00 or rather less. Dark and streaky above, 

 with nape, rump, and bend of wing reddish ; more or less extensively yellowish below. Coast 

 region of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia; also, Santa Cruz Islands, off coast of 

 S. Cala. Hensh. Auk. July, 1884, p. 267; Dwight, Auk, Ajn-. 1890, p. 151, area marked 

 "9" on the map; A. 0. U. Li.sts, 1st and 2d eds. 1886-95, No. 474 ^r. '" This race has credit 

 for more streaking and more yellow than it deserves. By rumiiling the feathers of the back 

 of almost any of tlie other forms a heavily streaked effect may be obtained, and the extreme 

 yellowness below of the type specimens is not supported by the small series I have before me " 

 (Dwight). Nests May-July; eggs 2-4, ofteuest 3, 0.83 X 0.60, pale slate-gray, thickly 



