524 



S YS TEMA TIC S Y NOP SIS. — PA S SERES — CLA MA TORES. 



Small : length under 7.00. Tarsus, middle toe, and claw, together, hardly or not 1.00 long. 



Clearer olivaceous above, paler grayish on breast. Eastern 



Darker olivaceous above, darker grayish on breast. Western 



. . virem 

 riehardsoni 



{Suhgenus Nuttallornis.) 



C. (N.) borea'lis. (Lat. 6orea?is, northern. Fig. 351.) Olive-sided Flycatcher. Nut- 

 tall's Pewee. Pepe-bird. Adult $ 9 : Dusky olivaceous-browu, usually darker on 

 crown, where the feathers have blackish centres, and paler on sides below ; chin, throat, belly, 



crissuni, and middle line of breast, white, 

 more or less tinged with yellowish and 

 quite streaked; wings and tail blackish, 

 unmarked, excepting inconspicuous gray- 

 sh-brown tips of wing-coverts, and some 

 whitish edging on inner quills; feet and 

 upper mandible black, lower mandible 

 mostly yellowish. The olive-brown below 

 has a peculiar streaky appearance hardly 

 seen in other species, and extends almost 

 entirely across breast. This ragged aspect 

 of mixed dusky-olive and whiti.sh, together 

 with the large white fluffy flank-tufts, is 

 diagnostic. Young have the feathers, es- 

 pecially of wings and tail, skirted with 

 rufous. Length 7.00-8.00; wing 3.87- 

 4.33, averaging 4.00, very long, folding 

 to terminal third of tail, and remarkably 

 pointed ; 2d quill longest, supported nearly 

 to end by 1st and 3d, 4th abruptly shorter ; 

 tail about 3.00, thus about | the wing, 

 emarginate ; tarsus only 0.50, shorter than 

 bill, or than middle toe and claw ; tarsus, 

 middle toe, and claw together only about 

 1.25; bill 0.G7-0.75. N. Am. at large, 

 apparently nowhere very abundant, rather 



Fig. 351. — Olive-sided Flycatcher. 



common in some New England localities, very rare in the Middle and Southern States, less so 

 in the West. N. in interior British America to lat. 60°, and still farther in Alaska ; accidental 

 in Greenland ; S. through Central America to ihe U. S. of Colombia ; not known to winter 

 anywhere within our limits. Breeds in most of the Appalachian ranges, more commonly from 

 New England northward, and much farther south in the West ; a common breeder in the 

 mountains of Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and even Lower California. Gen- 

 erally seen high on some exposed outpost ; note querulous, but loud and harsh. Nest usually 

 high, 30-GO feet, on a horizontal bough of a tree (generally coniferous) rude and flat, of twigs, 

 rootlets, grass, moss; eggs 2-4, often 3, 0.85 X 0.65, ranging in length from 0.80 to 0.90, 

 buffy or creamy-white, fully spotted, and usually wreathed with lighter and darker reddish- 

 browns, with purplish or lilac shell-markings; they are laid late, in June and July. A 

 stocky, able-bodied, dark and streaky species, quite unlike any other : type of the subgenus 

 Nuttallornis, Ridgw. Man. 1887, p. 337. 



( Subgenus Contopu s . ) 

 C. per'tinax pallidiven'tris. (Lat. pertinax, pertinacious ; pertaining to C. borealis ; per, 

 and tenax, tenacious. L,At. palUdus, pallid, pale; venter, gen. ventris, belly.) Coues' Fly- 



