534 SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS.— PASSERES — CLAMATORES. 



diminutive size, and dull plain colors, as in the small olivaceous Flycatchers generally ; but for 

 the bill, tlie species might be mistaken for an Empidonax. 



O. imber'be. (Lat. imberbis, beardless; in, not, and harba, a beard.) Texas Beardless 

 Flycatcher. Adult ^ 9 : Above, dull olive-gray, a liitle darker (browner) on the length- 

 ened erectile feathers of crown, a little brighter (greener) on rump and upper tail-coverts. 

 Below, pale dull gray, sometimes almost grayish-white anteriorly, clearing on belly and under 

 tail-coverts to pale yellowish. Wings and tail fuscous, with pale gray or wliitish edgings of 

 middle and greater coverts and most of the quills of the wings, as in an Emjndonax. Bill dark 

 brown above, pale below. Worn specimens are quite brownish above, and whitish below, 

 with little edging of the wings and tail. Young and fresh fall specimens are more clearly oli- 

 vaceous above and yellowish below, shaded with gray across the breast ; young with wing-bars 

 tinged with buff or tawny — all quite as usual in Etnjndonax. Very small: Length 4.50; 

 wing 2.10; tail 1.80; bill scarcely 0.30, its depth at nostrils 0.11-0.13; tarsus 0.55; whole foot 

 scarcely 1.00. A curious little Flycatcher of Mexico and Central Am., discovered in the Lower 

 Kio Grande valley at Lomita, Texas, by G. B. Sennett, Apr. 24, 1879. Nest and eggs 

 unknown. 



O. i. ridg'wayi. (To R. Ridgway.) Ridgway's Flycatcher. Arizona Beardless 

 Flycatcher. Like the last ; bill more robust ; coloration darker and ashler ; pale ash be- 

 low, with scarcely any yellowish. <J, length 4.60; extent 7.20; wing 2.25; tail 2.00 ; tarsus 

 0.55; culmen about 0.40; depth of bill 0.15. 9 somewhat smaller. Southern Arizona and 

 southward to Puebla and Jalisco, Mexico. Discovered at Tucson, Ariz., by F. Stephens, 

 Apr. 20, 1881; young just from the nest May 28; but nest and eggs still unknown. This 

 bird is said to have a sort of " song," besides the usual call note. (Omitted from 2d-4th eds. 

 of the Key. Brewst. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Oct. 1882, p. 208; Ridgw. Man. 1887, p. 346; 

 A. 0. U. Lists, 1886 and 1895, No. 472 a.) 



Family COTINGID^ : Cotingas. 



An extensive family of tropical and subtropical American clamatorial passerine birds, 

 lately formally added to the North American fauna, in which the Clamatores had long been 

 supposed to be represented only by Tyrannidce. Cotingidte, though related to Tijrannidts, 

 may be distinguished by the pycnaspidean instead of exaspidean tarsi (see p. 509), 'and so far as 

 the two following genera are concerned at least, by the extensive cohesion of inner and middle 

 toes, and especially by shortness of the 2d primary in ^, together with slight hooking of bill. 



" The Cotingidfe are one of the great fruit-eating families of tropical America, and amongst 

 the passerine birds addicted to this kind of diet are the most numerous and important after the 

 Tanagridce. In plumage, structure, and size they are much varied. Nothing can be more bril- 

 liant in colour than the typical Cotingas and some allied forms, while the Lipaugi and others 

 are of uniformly dull plumage in both sexes. As regards structure, the second aborted primary 

 of the Tityrina;, the feet and crest of Rupicola, and the wattles of Cliasmorhynchus and Cepha- 

 lopterns show such extraordinary excesses of development as are almost unequalled in the Pas- 

 serine series. . . . Like the Tyrannidce the Cotingidce are dentirostral Oligophones, and have 

 ten well-formed primaries instead of nine, or nine and a shortened outer primary, as is the case 

 with the dentirostral Oscines. They number about 110 species." (Sclater.) This author- 

 ity divides the family into six subfamilies: Tityrince, Lipaugince, Attilincr, Rupicolina, Cotin- 

 gince, and Gymnoderina. The following genera belong to the 



Subfamily TITYRIN/E: Tityrines. 



Characterized by the abnormal shortness of the second primary, typical pycnaspidean tarsi, 

 and usually stout. Shrike-like bill. The plumage is not brilliant, and the females differ from 

 the males decidedly. 



