WARBLERS 57 



primary = 4th ; 3rd and 4tli with outer webs sloped 

 oif towards the extremity. Willow Wren, 2nd 

 = 6th ; 3rd, 4th, and 5th sloped off. Chiff Chaff, 

 2nd = 7th ; 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th sloped off. 



GOLDEN-CRESTED WREN. Regulus cristatus, Koch. 

 PL 9, figs. 11, 12, 12a. Length, 3-5 in. ; wing, 2 in. 



Resident in fir woods, chiefly in the northern 

 and eastern counties. Great numbers arrive in 

 autumn from the Continent, crossing the North 

 Sea, where they are well known to the fishermen 

 from their repeatedly resting on the herring-boats. 

 See Selby, " Illustr. of Brit. Orn.," i. p. 230; Blyth, 

 Field Nat., i. p. 467 ; Stevenson's " Birds of 

 Norfolk," i. p. 136; and Booth's Catalogue of Birds 

 in his Museum, 2nd ed., 1896, p. 19. On the York- 

 shire coast, near Redcar, a Gold Crest was seen to 

 arrive in October on the back of a Short-eared Owl 

 (Nelson, Zool, 1882, p. 73. See also Field, March 

 31, 1888). In Scotland it remains throughout the 

 year; in Ireland it is also resident and common. 



FIRE-CRESTED WREN. Regulus ignicapillus (Brehm). 

 PL 9, figs. 13, 14. Length, 3-75 in. ; wing, 2 in. 



Occasional late autumn and winter visitant, 

 chiefly to the eastern and southern counties of 

 England — seldom north of the Thames. Reported 

 to have been once met with in Scotland, in East 

 Lothian, and unknown in Ireland. 



This species has a much less extended range 

 northward than R. cristatus ; is unknown in Scandi- 



