PIPITS 69 



longer hind-claw. In the absence, however, of any 

 other important structural difiference, such generic 

 separation seems scarcely necessary. 



s/ TREE PIPIT. Anthus arhoreus, Bechstein. PL 10, figs. 

 ' 6, 6a, Length, 6 in,; wing, 3-3 in. ; tarsus, 0*9 in. 



A summer migrant to England and Scotland ; 

 occurs also in Wales (Zool, 1890, pp. 20, 72). 

 Since the first edition of this work was pub- 

 lished, the Tree Pipit has been reported to have 

 been observed in Ireland (Benson, " Our Irish 

 Songbirds," p, 109, and Zool, 1878, p. 348 ; also Chi- 

 chester Hart, Zool, 1878, p. 454), but More, in his 

 "List of Irish Birds" (1885), casts some doubt on 

 the identification. Note the difference in the hind- 

 claw of this species and the next. PL 10. figs. 5a, 6a. 



\ MEADOW PIPIT. Anthus 'pratensis, Linnseus. PL 10, 

 figs. 5, 5a. Length, 5*75 in. ; wing, 3 in. ; tarsus, O'S in. 



Commonly known as the Titlark, and resident, 

 migrating towards the east and south in autumn. 

 One of the commonest small birds on marshes bor- 

 dering the sea, as well as on moorlands and wastes, 

 where it is much preyed on by the smaller hawks. 



ROCK PIPIT. Anthus ohscurus (Latham). PL 10, figs. 

 3, 4. Length, 6-25 in, ; wing, 3-5 in. ; tarsus, 0*9 in. 



Resident on most parts of the coast ; occasionally 

 found inland at the periods of migration in spring 

 and autumn. On the east coast of England the 

 Scandinavian form Anthus rupestris is often met 



