70 HANDBOOK OF BRITISH BIRDS 



with in spring and autumn. Cordeaux states that 

 the migratory Rock Pipits which visit the Holder- 

 ness and Lincolnshire coasts in the autumn are 

 almost exclusively Anthus rujpestris, which differs 

 from the Welsh form in being more warmly coloured 

 underneath, with a rich buff or cinnamon-coloured 

 breast. This form occurs also on the Norfolk coast 

 in March, migrating eastwards (Zool., 1895, p. 96). 



WATER PIPIT. Anthus spipoletta (Linnaeus). Length, 

 6*25 in; wing, 3*5 in. ; tarsus, 0-9 in. 



An occasional, perhaps regular, visitant in spring 

 and autumn. Probably confounded with the Scan- 

 dinavian form of the Rock Pipit in many instances, 

 but undoubted examples have been obtained several 

 times on the coast of Sussex, as well as in Lincoln- 

 shire {Zool, 1895, p. 348). 



The spipoletta of Italian authors was the name 

 which Linnaeus intended to adopt for this Water 

 Pipit, but by a printer's error the word was mis- 

 printed spinoletta, and the mistake unfortunately 

 has been copied by subsequent writers. Professor 

 Newton, however, has set the matter right in his 

 edition of Yarrell's "Birds," vol. i. p. 581. 



RICHARD'S PIPIT. Anthus richardi, Vieillot. PI. 10, 

 fig. 1. Length, 7-25 in. ; bill, 0-5 ; wing, 3-5 in. ; 

 tarsus, 1*1 in. 



An occasional visitor from Eastern Europe in 

 late autumn and winter. Its larger size, greater 

 length of leg, and long hind-claw serve to distin- 



