CROWS 99 



"How to form a Rookery," Field, March 11, 

 1893, March 16 and 23, 1895, and " Encyclopsedia 

 of Sport," 1898, art. Rook. Articles on the food 

 of Rooks, Zool., 1888, pp. 375-379 ; on the habits of 

 Rooks and Crows, Field, Dec. 20, 1895 ; and on 

 their concerted action in hunting field-mice, ZooL, 

 1892, p. 355. They pull acorns ofif the oaks, and 

 have been observed to plant them [ZooL, 1896, 

 p. 19; Proc. Linn. Soc, Feb. 1896; and Field, 

 April 26, 1879). Like birds of prey, they throw up 

 pellets containing the indigestible portions of their 

 food, Zool., 1866, p. 297, and Proc. Limi. Soc, 

 Jan. 1894. For an account of Rookeries in London 

 see Zool, 1878, pp. 191, 441. 



JACKDAW. Corvus vionedula, Linn^us. PI. 15, fig. 6. 

 )f Length, 13 in.; bill, 1-3 in.; wing, 9-25 in.; tarsus, 



1-75 in. 



Resident, and especially numerous in the neigh- 

 bourhood of sea-cliffs, where it has been observed to 

 drive away the Choughs. A Jackdaw's nest built in 

 the bell-tower of Eton College Chapel was a mass 

 of sticks ten feet high. It is figured by Jesse in 

 his "Scenes and Tales of Country Life," 1844. A 

 similar nest twelve feet high was found in the tower 

 ofHillington Church, near Lynn (ZooZ., 1869, p. 1847). 



Jackdaws occasionally build open nests in the 

 branches or forks of trees when ruins or hollow 

 trees are not available. See Field, May 15 and 22, 

 1875, and May 26, 1894 ; also Zool, pp. 185, 823, 

 9572. In Uppark, Sussex, in the spring I have 



