THE BIRDS OF IIELICOLAND 345 



small compauics of these birds are seen on the shore, and though 

 they depart with the advent of wintry weather, a few solitary 

 individuals nevertheless almost invariably stay behind — appearing 

 to find sufficient food, even at that season, among the sea-wrack on 

 the shore. This species breeds numerously from France, north- 

 wards to Iceland, and from Germany northwards through the 

 wliole of the Scandinavian Peninsula to the North Cape ; how far 

 its nesting range extends eastwards beyond the Ural has not been 

 determined; but, according to Sewertzoft', the bird is a migrant 

 throughout the whole of Turkestan. 



156. — Red-throated Pipit [Kothicehliger Piepeu]. 



ANTHUS CERVINUS, Pallas. 



Heligolandish : Koadhalssed Haxroh = Red-necked Pipit. 



Anthus jiratensis. Naumann, iii. 777, PI. 85, Fig. i.; Blasius, Kachtrage,ciy. 



Red-throated Pipit. Dresser, iii. 299. 



Pipit a Gorge roxisse. Temminck, Manuel, iii. 192. 



I obtained the first example of this Pipit on the island on the 

 2Sth of September 18.54, and the second on the 20th of September 

 18,57. Soon after, Claus Aeuckens learned its call-note, and 

 in consequence managed to see, and frequently shoot, one or 

 other of the.se birds almost regularly every autumn. In 1884 they 

 occiu-red here in unexampled frequency ; from the loth to the 

 30th of September thirteen examples were seen, and for the most 

 part shot, on some days as many as three examples. Nevertheless, 

 the birds can only be counted as rare occurrences in Heligoland, 

 which is the more surprising, as they are very numerous in the 

 north of the Scandinavian Peninsula. Evidently the migration of 

 this species, like that of many others resident in that locality, must 

 proceed in a rigidly north-to-south direction, a slight westerly devi- 

 ation taking place only in very excejitional cases in autumn, for I 

 have never obtained this bird here in spring. The tirst of the 

 above-mentioned examples was an old male in fresh autumn 

 plumage, which is specially distinguished from the spring jilumago 

 in that the eye-streak, foreneck, and sides of the neck, together with 

 the greater part of the upper breast, are not of a beautiful rust- 

 colour but of a vinous red colour without spots, the beautiful rich 

 olivaceous brown {Oliren-Rostorange) first making its appearance on 

 the sides of the breast. The example was brought to me as a ' red- 

 throated Tree Pipit,' which species it in reality resembles, especially 

 in the fresh condition, much moi-e than a Meadow Pipit. Its call- 



