THE BIRDS OF HELIGOLAND 533 



when it is by no means rare to meet with Hocks of from twenty to 

 a hundred individuals. 



It seems to have much stronger social tendencies tlian any 

 other of the Sea Ducks met with here : for whether present in 

 smaller or larger numbers, they alwaj's swim and fly, though one 

 can hardly say in crowds, yet always in separate companies. 

 Common and Velvet Scoters may also be seen, ten or fifteen 

 together ; this, however, appears to be more the result of accident, 

 because they easily part company, and each species goes separately 

 in pursuit of their food. 



This species breeds from Iceland to Japan, and throughout the 

 Avhole of North America. 



334. — Tufted Duck [Keiherente]. 

 ANAS FULIGULA, Linn.i 



Anasfuligtda. Nauiiiann, xii. 64. 



Tufted Duck. Dresser, vi. 573. 



Caiuird morillon. Teiuminck, Manuel, ii. 873, iv. 547. 



This little Duck, distinguished by the beautiful tuft of the male, 

 also occurs only in extremely isolated instances during severe 

 winters, and is not seen at other seasons of the year. This is less 

 surprising, seeing that it is pre-eminently an eastern species, its 

 nests bemg rare and isolated in the north of Scotland and Norway, 

 but becoming more frequent in northern Sweden and Finland, while 

 northern Asia forms its prmcipal breeding area. 



335. — Pochard [Tafelente]. 



ANAS FERINA, Linn.= 



Heligolandish : Road-hoaded Sla.hh-Enn = Red-headed Scaup. 



Anas ferina. Naumann, xii. 21. 



Pochard. Dresser, vi. 551. 



Canard milouin. Temminck, Manuel, ii. 868, iv. 546. 



Only a few examples of this species are met with here, scarcely 

 half a dozen being shot during the severest winters. It is met 

 with near the flocks of Scaups, without, however, mingling with 

 them. As a breeding species, it does not advance so far north as 

 many of its congeners ; it has been met with most abundantly in 

 European Russia, and thence in declining numbers as far as Lake 

 Baikal ; it is also found nesting irregularly, and in scattered pairs, in 

 Germany and Great Britain. 



' Fuiiijida, cristata (Leach). - FuUgula ferina (Linn.). 



