202 OHIO EXPERIMENT STATION: BULLETIN 332 



called perfected sprays for some years. The revised formula, most 

 commonly used at present is: 



Sulphur 15 pounds 



Lime 12 pounds 



Water 15 gallons 



The lime is slaked in the water (preferably hot), and while it 

 is boiling violently the sulphur is added and boiled for 45 minutes 

 to an hour. Live steam is by all odds the most satisfactory form 

 of heat to use, since not only does direct heat applied to the bottom 

 of a kettle or vat involve much stirring but at the same time the 

 spray cannot be prepared in such quantity or of such an even 

 quality.* 



Commercial concentrated liquid lime-sulphur. — After the use 

 of the home-made lime-sulphur solution became well established, the 

 commercial, concentrated liquid appeared. As with any unper- 

 fected article, the results were variable at the outset; due in part 

 to a lack of standardization in the liquid itself and in part to over- 

 dilution, the general practice prevailing of diluting each gallon of 

 the solution with 10 to 12 gallons of water. 



At present the solution is well standardized. The concentrate 

 should test 33° on the Beaume hydrometer and each gallon should 

 contain 2.7 pounds of suljphur. For use, such a liquid should be 

 diluted at the rate of 1 gallon to 7 gallons of water. The output 

 of most of the commercial firms will meet these qualifications, but 

 even now some variations are certain to occur; hence it is safest 

 to rely upon the hydrometer test to determine the proper dilution 

 of the concentrate. If the liquid is weaker than standard (that is, 

 tests 32° or 31°) less water should be added; and, if it tests higher 

 than 33° it naturally follows that more water should be added. 

 Rarely, however, is the solution found to test higher than 34°. The 

 table of dilutions for mixtures of various degrees of density which 

 follows is approximately correct. 



If the lime-sulphur solution tests 35° Beaume, dilute each grallon with 8 grallons of water. 



34° •' 7J^ " " 



33° " 7 " " 



32° " ' " (,H. ' 



31° " 6 



30° •' " 5K " " 



29° •• " " " •' 5K 



The foregoing table refers to the minimum strengths to be 

 used. The mixture can be applied at twice the strength recom- 

 mended in the table, or even stronger, and no ill efi'ects will follow, 

 but by so doing the expense is considerably increased and no prac- 

 tical advantage is gained. 



*The occasion would not likely arise in city spraying for necessitating the preparation of 

 the nome-boiled wash, but should such become necessary, the complete details of the work 

 may be had by reference to Bulletin 169 and Circular 143 of this Station. 



