TREE SPARROW. 107 



familiarly about our doors, humble pensioners on the sweepings of the 

 threshold. 



The present species has never before, to mj knowledge, been figured. 

 It is five inches and a quarter long, and eight inches broad ; bill and 

 legs a reddish cinnafiion color ; upper part of the head deep chestnut, 

 divided by a slight streak of drab widening as it goes back ; cheeks, 

 line over the eye, breast and sides under the wings a brownish clay color, 

 lightest on the chin, and darkest on the ear feathers ; a small streak of 

 brown at the lower angle of the bill ; back streaked with black, drab, 

 and bright bay, the latter being generally centered with the former ; 

 rump dark drab, or cinereous ; wings dusky black, the primaries edged 

 with whitish, the secondaries bordered with bright bay ; greater wing- 

 coverts black, edged and broadly tipped with brownish white; tail 

 dusky black, edged with clay color : male and female nearly alike in 

 plumage ; the chestnut on the crown of the male rather brighter. 



Species IV. FRINGILLA ARBOREA* 



TREE SPARROW. 



[Plate XVI. Fig. 3.] 



Le Soulciet, Buff, hi., 500. — Moineau de Canada, Briss. hi., 101. — PL Enl. 223. 

 —Lath, ii., 252.— Edw. 269.— ^rc^. Zool. p. 373, No. 246. 



This Sparrow is a native of the north, who takes up his winter 

 quarters in Pennsylvania, and most of the Northern States, as well as 

 several of the Southern ones. He arrives here about the beginning of 

 November ; and leaves us again early in April ; associates in flocks with 

 the Snow-birds, frequents sheltered hollows, thickets, and hedge-rows, 

 near springs of water ; and has a low warbling note, scarcely audible at 

 the distance of twenty or thirty yards. If disturbed takes to trees, like 

 the White-throated Sparrow, but contrary to the habit of most of the 

 others, who are inclined rather to dive into thickets. Edwards errone- 

 ously represented this as the female of the Mountain Sparrow ; but that 

 judicious and excellent naturalist. Pennant, has given a more correct 

 account of it, and informs us, that it inhabits the country bordering on 

 Hudson's Bay during summer ; comes to Severn settlement in May ; 



* The specific name. Canadensis, given by Brisson and adopted by Latham, must 

 be restored to this bird. The following synonymes may be quoted. Fringilla 

 monticola, Gmel. Syst. i., p. 912. — Passer Canadensis, Briss. hi., p. 102, 15. — Id. 

 8vo. I., p. 335. — Mountain Finch, Lath. Syn. iii., p. 265, 16. Fringilla Canaden- 

 sis, Lath. Ind. Orn. i., p. 434. 



