424 BULLETIN 120, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



the latter of which extends into the West Indies, harbor Zelleriella. 

 and one Atclopus from I'araguay and a lihinodernia from Chile 

 also carry Zelleriella. In the eastern United States we have Gastro- 

 ■phr^yne carolinensis which carries a narrow Opalina {ohtrigonoidea) . 

 The southern African Phrynomantis hifasciata carries a Cepedea 

 {phrynomantidis), and Kalvula pulchra from Cochin China also 

 carries a Cepedca {jpulchra). Without more data, including espe- 

 cially infection records from Madagascar and India, it is hardly 

 worth while to discuss in their broader significance the Opalinid 

 parasites of the family Gastrophrynidae. 



The Eanidae in my material are mostly of the sub-family Raninae^ 

 though I have two species of D endrobcitinae also. It is to be re- 

 gretted that more material from tropical Asia and tropical Africa 

 is not included. Only the genus Rana^ in this family, is known to 

 harbor Frotoopalina : R. nutti from East Africa carries P. nutti 

 and also P. primordialis^ which from Awerinzew's description seems 

 probably the most primitive Protoopalina known. At the other 

 extreme Rana macrodon of Java carries ProtoopaUna quadrinucleata 

 and the Chinese R. nigroinaculata carries P. axonucleata lata^ these 

 species being, in nuclear condition, the most highly developed of the 

 Protoopalinae. Rana esculenta of Europe is said to carry Proto- 

 opalina interstinalis. Rana adspersa of eastern Africa carries the 

 more modified species Protoopalina mossamhicensis. Two elongated 

 Protoopalinae {africana and filiformis) are borne respectively by 

 Rana o^assipes from The Cameroons and R. tlgerina from Formosa 

 and the East Indies. Only one Rava (draytonii) is known to bear a 

 Zelleriella (ranaxena). The record is from California, but this 

 species of Rana extends into Mexican California, which is an ap- 

 proach to the Central American region where Zelleriellae are abun- 

 dant. The only other Zelleriellae (" trinitatis " and houlengeri [ ?] ) 

 borne by members of the sub-family Raninae are carried respectively 

 by Phyllohates trinitatis from Venezuela and Prostherapis houlen- 

 geri of Colombia, South America. Five genera of Raninae are 

 known to harbor Cepedea. Of these there are Ranae from North 

 America (2 species), eastern Asia (4 species), Europe (2 species), 

 northern Africa (1 species), Hawaii (1 species, introduced), the 

 East Indies (1 species), and from Central America (1 species). The 

 other genera infected with Cepedea are Polypedates from eastern 

 Asia (2 species), southeastern Asia and the East Indies (1 species). 

 Megalixalus from Madagascar (1 species), and the Seychelles (1 

 species), Ilyperolius from AVest Africa (1 species) and Oxyglossus 

 from Java (1 species). Twenty -six species and subspecies of Rana 

 bear Opalinae. Of these the Eastern Hemisphere Eanas bear broad 

 Opalinas and the Western Hemisphere species, with perhaps three 



