GENERIC NAMES OF THE FAMILY STAPHTLINIDAE 17 



of a subgeneric name. X-us {Y-us) alhus subgen. et sp. nov., or 

 X-us {Y-us n. subg.) alhv^ n. sp. In all these a designation is made 

 that is comparable to that of Opinion 7. 



9. Co'tnbined description rule. — Opinion 43, "on the status of genera 

 the type species of which are cited without additional description." 

 When a description is given for the genus, "The characters given for 

 [the genus] cover the genus and the type species, and the generic and 

 specific names are published in the sense of the Code." For example, 

 Teleogmus Foerster, 1856, with description; genotype T. orUtalis 

 Foerster, 1856, merely listed without any descriptive material. The 

 Commission ruled that both the genus and the species were included 

 in the generic description and thereby validated. This is, of course, 

 merely a special case of monotypy. 



D. SUBSEQUENT DESIGNATION 



Several methods are possible for fixation of the genotype in subse- 

 quent publications. Two have already been discussed; they are fix- 

 ation under the Plenary Powers and automatic fixation by subsequent 

 monotypy. 



10. Unanibiguous designation. — In spite of the fact that some 

 writers have apparently believed that it is impossible to "select the 

 type" imder the Eules without using the word "type" or "genotype," 

 there are several ways of fixing the genotype in subsequent publica- 

 tion. Some of these are not easy to define : 



a. Specific designation as such : Example : Jones in 1910, under 

 the genus Exus Smith, 1840, states: "Genotype =£'ajw5 laevis Smith, 

 1840." If this was one of the originally included species and there is 

 no prior fixation, Exu^ laevis Smith is the genotype by subsequent 

 designation. 



b. Special system : Use of a definite system, such as tabulation of 

 the genotype, use of a special type of description for the genotypes 

 only, illustrations of the genotypes only, or always treating the geno- 

 type first. 



Certain writers have designated genotypes for older names with- 

 out specifically stating their intention in each case. This is done by 

 use of a general introductory statement which explains the method 

 employed for indicating the genotypes. For example, in 1810 in the 

 Considerations Generales . . . , Latreille included a list of the genera 

 under the following heading : "Table des genres avec I'indication de 

 I'espece qui leur sert de type." Under each name is cited one species 

 (occasionally more than one) . In Opinion 11, the International Com- 

 mission declared this list to be acceptable as designation, provided 

 the other requirements are met in each case. 



A not uncommon method of indicating (and therefore sometimes 

 designating) genotypes is the use of (1) a prearranged special type 



