14 BULLETIN 200, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



confusion can result in genotype designation from using any other 

 name than the one the original author employed for the species. 



b. Included species not named : If a single species was described 

 but not named, it is the genotype, if it is positively identified before 

 other fixation. If not, the first included named species (or one desig- 

 nated from the first included group) is the genotype. 



c. Since 1930: After 1930, when a genus cannot be properly pub- 

 lished without "designation" of a genotype, monotypy is accepted 

 as a form of designation. (This use of the word designation in the 

 Code is unfortunate, since fixation would have been more appropriate. 

 Designation is best applied only to selection of a genotype by direct 

 statement. ) 



d. Virtual monotypy: Some genera published with several in- 

 cluded species are nevertheless actually monobasic. Example : Genus 

 D was published with three species. Careful examination of remarks 

 under the genus and the species reveals that two of the species were 

 directly stated to be likely not to belong to the same genus as the 

 other. In effect there was one included species and two doubtfully 

 included species. 



Article 30.II.e states that "species which the author of the genus 

 doubtfully referred to it" . . . "are excluded from consideration in 

 determining the type." Therefore only the definitely included one is 

 available as genotype, so the genus is virtually monobasic. 



e. Subgeneric monotypy : The genotypes of subgeneric names are 

 fixed and determined in exactly the same manner as those of generic 

 names, from the species originally included in the subgenus or the first 

 group included in it. 



A question arises here of the status of a genus originally proposed 

 with three species, two of which are originally placed in new sub- 

 genera. The genus has three original species, yet the typical subgenus 

 has only one. The typical subgenus must have the same genotype as 

 the genus, and since only one species is available in the subgenus, it 

 must be the type of both. This might be termed subgeneric monotypy. 



i. Synonymy or all original species: If all the originally in- 

 cluded species are found by the reviser to be synonyms, merely a single 

 species in reality, this subjective synonymy does not make the genus 

 monobasic. All the original species are still available for selection. 

 Neither does the action of the reviser fix the genotype (see method 

 10c). The "inclusion of two or more species" means not zoological 

 species in the view of later workers but named species in the original 

 work — species in the belief of the original author as shown by his 

 giving them separate specific names. 



g. Original name must be available : The species included must 

 be represented by a nomenclaturally available name. Example: 



