104 BULLETIN 2 00, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUIVI 



CONOSOMA Kraatz— Continued 



Notes : It may be argued that Kraatz proposed this name as a new genus 

 rather than as a replacement for Conurus. In this case the genotype 

 would be C. puhescens (Grav.). However, the footnote on page 433 of 

 Kraatz makes it reasonably certain that the name was intended as a 

 replacement. (See also Notes under Conosomus.) 

 CONOSOMUS Motschulsky, 1857b, p. 54. [Synonym of Tachinus.1 

 Oenofype: Conosomus bipustulatus (Fabricius) (Oxyporus). 

 Fixed l)y : Motschulsky, 1857b, p. 54, through objective synonymy with 



Conurus, of which Mpustulatus had already been fixed as genotype. 

 Later citations: C. littoreus (Linne), by Blackwelder, 1943, p. 524. C. tes- 



taceus (Fabricius), by Tottenham, 1949b, p. 380. 

 Synonyms: {Bee also Tachinus) 



Conurus Stephens, 1829a, p. 22. [Objective. Not Kuhl, 1820.] 

 CoNOSOMA Kraatz, 1857c, p. 431. [Objective. Not Lenz, 1794.] 

 Notes: Conosomus and Conosoma are distinct names proposed to replace a 

 preoccupied name. As Motschulsky pointed out in 1860 (Etudes Ent., 

 fasc. 8, p. 82), Kraatz refers to Motschulsky's paper (page 431), thereby 

 proving the prior publication of the latter, and Motschulsky also claims 

 that his publication appeared in 1857 (as is substantiated by other 

 sources). In any case Conosoma is no more available than is Conurus, 

 and Conosomus would have to be used except that the genotype fixation 

 for Conurus made all three synonyms of Tachinus. The genus which 

 has usually been known as Conosoma must take the older name Sepedo- 

 philus, in any case. (See also discussion under Conurus.) 



According to Tottenham (1949b, p. 380) Thomson fixed the genotype of 

 Conosomus. This is a double error, since the type was fixed by Motschulsky 

 in 1857 through objective synonymy, and since Thomson's designation was 

 for Conosoma, a separate generic name. Tottenham points out the true 

 genotype of all these three names, but he fails to accept it or to follow its 

 implications. The nature of the Mpustulatus in the Stephens collection 

 is not pertinent, and the names become synonyms of Tacliinus, not of 

 Tachyporus. 

 CONRADSIA Bernhauer, 1942, p. 373. 



Oenotype: Conradsia ganglbaueri Bernhauer. 

 Fixed iy : Bernhauer, 1942, p. 373, by monotypy. 

 CONSOMA [Error for Conosoma]. 

 CONSYA (Error for Cousya]. 

 CONURA [Error for Conurusl. 



CONURUS Stephens, 1829a, p. 22. [Junior homonym of Conurus Kuhl, 1820. 

 Synonym of Tachinus.'] 

 Oenotype: Conurus Mpustulatus (Fabricius) {Oxyporus). 

 Fixed Mi : Westwood, 1838a, p. 19, by subsequent designation. 

 Later citations: C. littoreus (Linn6), by Duponchel, 1844, p. 195. C. puhes- 

 cens (Gravenhorst), by Blackwelder, 1943, p. 524. 

 Discussion: There is considerable evidence that Stephens made an error 

 (lapsus) in writing Mpustulatus Fabricius. He cites Mmaculatus Graven- 

 horst as a synonym, and it is clear that Mmaculatus is an objective syno- 

 nym of Mpustulatus Gravenhorst (not Fabricius). The Gravenhorst 

 species was known from Britain, whereas the Fabrician one apparently 

 was not. And Stephens himself and other writers subsequently corrected 

 the author's name to Graveuhoi'st. 



If the type is Mpustulatus Fabricius, then this name (and its objective 

 synonyms Conosoma and Conosomus) become subjective synonyms of 



