176 BULLETIN 2 00, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



GYROHYPNUS Leach— Continued 



Discussion : Tottenham in 1939 discussed the identity of the "Staph, fulgidus" 

 cited by Leach and concluded that it was the "Staphylinus fulgidus Pay- 

 kull." However, Payliull did not propose any such name, merely referring 

 to Fabricius' species. This method of citing a misidentification as if it 

 were a separately proposed species leads to great confusion. Up to 1819 

 there had been only two proposals of the name Staphylinus fulgidus — by 

 Fabricius in 1787 (p. 220) and by Fabricius in 1792 (p. 525). The 1787 

 fulgidus was mentioned by Paykull in 1789 and 1790 and was transferred 

 to Paederus by Fabricius in 1792 (p. 537). It was referred to by Paykull 

 in 1800, by Gravenhorst, by Marsham, and by Latreille in 1802 (all of 

 whom returned it to Staphylinus) . In 1829 it was put in Othius by Steph- 

 ens, in 1833 in both Othius and Xantholinus by Stephens, and in 1839 in 

 Othius by Erichson. 



In 1792 the new fulgidus was not considered a homonym by Fabricius 

 / since he had in the same work removed the older name to Paederus. This 



1792 fulgidus was referred to by Olivier in 1795, by Fabricius in 1801, by 

 Gravenhorst in 1802, by Latreille in 1804, etc., being listed after 1801 as a 

 synonym of S. fulminans Gravenhorst (which was actually a new name for 

 it). It was first listed in another genus by Erichson in 1839 as Quedius 

 fulgidus Fabricius. In 1839-40 Erichson began the present confusion by 

 listing the 1787 reference for both Quedius fulgidus Fabricius and Xantho- 

 linus fulgidus Fabricius. It seems clear that the fulgidus Fabricius of 

 1787 is the species frequently listed as Paederus fulgidus and cited as 

 genotype of Othius and of Xantholinus by Stephens in 1833. It seems 

 equally clear that the fulgidus Fabricius of 1792 is the species that Graven- 

 horst renamed fulminans and that Erichson placed in Quedius. 



Several early misidentifications have caused confusion. The fulgidus 

 of Marsham (citing Paykull) is said by Stephens to be a Quedius. The 

 fulgidus of Gravenhorst (citing Paykull) is said by Erichson to be a 

 Xantholinus. 



Leach might be expected to have been dealing with the Marsham species. 

 However, since Marsham definitely credits the name fulgidus to Paykull 

 (which is the same as Fabricius 1787), it seems inescapable that we ac- 

 cept Staphylinus fulgidus Fabricius, 1787, as the species referred to by 

 Leach and therefore the genotype of Oyrohypnus. No other species fits 

 the position assigned to the genus by Leach, 

 Synonymic homonyms : 



Gyeohypnus Curtis, 1829, p. 26. 



Gybohypnus Stephens, 1829a, p. 23. 



Gyrohypnus Stephens, 1829b, p. 284, 285. 



Gyrohypnus Mannerheim, 1831a, p. 447. 



Gyrohypnus Stephens, 1832, p. 200. 



Gyrohypnus Stephens, 1833, p. 258. 

 Homonyms by misidentification : 



Gyrohypnus of Westwood, 1838a, = Megalinus. 



Gyrohypnus of Thomson, 1859 = BaptoUnus. 

 Synonyms : 



Xantholinus Dejean, 1821, p. 23. [Isogenotypic] 



Othius Stephens, 1829a, p. 23. [Isogenotypic] 



Sauriodes Dejean, 1836, p. 72. 



Gauropteeus Thomson, 1860, p. 187. [Isogenotypic] 



