FALCONS AND ALLIED SPECIES. I7I 



length a distinct coat of transverse fibres, while the inner coat 

 is smooth, but, when the organ is empty, arranges itself into 

 longitudinal folds. The pro ventricular glands, which are small 

 and very numerous, form a broad belt. The stomach is large 

 or of moderate size, roundish, with its muscular coat thin and 

 composed of a single series of fasciculi, converging toward two 

 thin circular tendinous spaces ; its inner coat or epithelium 

 soft, dense, and more or less rugous. The intestine is gene- 

 rally rather short and of considerable width, but sometimes 

 very long and extremely narrow ; the coeca are always ex- 

 tremely small, and the rectum has a very large globular dila- 

 tation or cloaca. 



The trachea diifers from that of the Vultures in having a 

 pair of inferior laryngeal muscles, and a septum in the last 

 entire ring. Its structure will be best understood by referring 

 to Plate XIX, of which Fig. 2 represents, a, the tongue, ^, 

 its basal portion, covered with apertures of mucous crypts ; c, 

 aperture of the glottis ; d e, the trachea, flattened, tapering, 

 and composed of sixty-six rings, of which one at the bifurca- 

 tion, when taken out and viewed from beneath, is seen to have 

 a median septum, Fig. 3, or in other words, to be composed of 

 two united rings. Beyond it are two half rings, Fig. \, ff. 

 The bronchi, g Ji, g h, are composed of about sixteen half rings. 

 The lateral muscles, ij^ ij, are strong, and terminate partly, as 

 usual, in the stern o-tracheales, j k,j k, and partly in a single pair 

 of inferior laryngeal muscles, jf, jf, inserted into the mem- 

 brane interposed between the last ring of the trachea and the 

 first of the bronchi. This muscle is better seen in the lateral 

 view. Fig, 4 ; and the septum of divarication in Fig. 5, which 

 represents a median longitudinal section. Fig. 6 also shews 

 the inferior laryngeal muscles separated. Fig, 7 represents the 

 anterior aspect of the upper larynx, in which are seen the two 

 hyo-thyroid muscles, a a ; the thyroid bone, b b ; and the com- 

 mencement of the contractor muscles, c c. Fig, 8 shews the 

 upper larynx viewed from behind, with the apertor muscle, 

 and the constrictor, b. 



The eyes are always large, lateral, but more or less inclined 

 forwards ; both eyelids equally mobile. Nostrils small or of 



